Group 2

Acolentava, Adriana
Atienza, Janica
Ebba, Thalla
Legazpi, Alyssa
Reyes, Hershey
DEFINITION
SCULPTURE
 is the art of carving or otherwise forming a three-dimensional work of art.
 Latin word “sculpere” – “to carve”
 Ways:
• Casting – process involved in producing bronze sculptures
• Modeling - process involved when clay or claylike substance are used
as mediums
• Assembling and Constructing materials – a painting process in which
paper and other materials are pasted to a picture surface.
Jean DuBuffet
 French painter
 Assemblage was used by him to refer his work

Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque (1912)

 Construction- painting technique
 Picasso created three-dimensional objects out of
paper and scraps of diverse materials
KINDS
1. Round Sculpture
 Free-standing sculpture or sculpture in the round stands on its own and is
capable of being viewed at all sides (Front, rear, left and right sides).

(Andres
(Jose Rizal’s Bonifacio’s
monument in monument in
Luneta) Liwasang
Bonifacio)
 Round Sculpture

(Statue of Liberty (Round Sculpture

in New York City) made of wood)
 Round Sculpture

(“Ecstasy of St. Theresa” by

Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini)

(Round
sculptures in
Manila Zoo) (Round sculpture
made of stone)
2. Relief Sculpture
 Does not stand on its own because it is attached.

A. High Relief
 almost the same as a free-standing sculpture but differs from the latter
because it is attached so that the back part cannot be seen by onlooker.
 Front part left and right side can be viewed.
 High Relief Sculpture

(Busts of the 4 American presidents in Mount (Frieze sculpture on top of the

Rushmore. From Left to Right: George columns of the National Museum in
Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Rizal Park)
Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln.)
2. Relief Sculpture

B. Low Relief (Bas Relief)

 Almost the same as a painting because it is somewhat and attached to
a surface but differs from the latter because it has volume and the
medium used varies from the mediums used in painting.
 Low Relief Sculpture

(Relief limestone
sculpture of Akhenaten,
Nefertiti, and their
daughters)

(Relief metal sculpture of (Sand sculpture in

Katipunan) Boracay Island)
 Sculpture are either static or mobile
 Relief sculpture are permanently attached to surfaces; thus, they are static or
incapable of moving.
 Free-standing sculpture are static too, however, are capable of moving; therefore,
they are mobile.
WHAT IS MEDIUM IN ARTS?
In art, "medium" refers to the substance the artist uses to create a piece of artwork.
Sculptors have more materials available than painters. Anything that can be
used to form a three-dimensional figure is a likely medium for sculpture.
 Wood
 Stone
 Paper
 Cloth
 Glass
 Cement
 Plastic
Sometimes, a combination of these materials is employed.
The mediums are grouped into two:
 ADDITIVE SCULPTURE
 SUBTRACTIVE SCULPTURE
ADDICTIVE SCULPTURE
 The sculptor simply together the materials to come up with a desired figure.
SUBTRACTIVE SCULPTURE
 The sculptor simply removes the unnecessary parts of the medium he uses to
form the desire figure.
WHAT IS SUBTRACT IN ARTS?
The subject matter would be what the artist has chosen to paint, draw or sculpt.
The subjects of sculpture range from living organisms (people, animals and
plants) to non-living things, places, events, etc.
PEOPLE
 Important persons such as heroes and saints are the most common subjects of
sculpture.
ANIMALS AND PLANTS
PLACES
EVENTS / RELIGIOUS ITEMS
OTHER
 Mythological beings as deities.
HISTORY
PREHISTORIC PERIOD
 Sculpture may be the oldest of the arts.
 People carved before they painted or designed dwellings. The
earliest drawings were probably carved on rock or incised
(scratched) in earth.
 All prehistoric sculptures are portable and very small
  The Earliest Sculpture of a Horse
 Circa 30000 BCE - 29000 BCE
 Made of mammoth ivory, this sculpture was found in a cave where
humans gathered to eat animals they had hunted. Other sculptures
from the same site depict mammoths, bison, and lions.

 The artifact known as the Venus of Willendorf dates to between

24,000-22,000 B.C.E., making it one of the oldest and most famous
surviving works of art.
 Found in Austria, she is a small figurine of about 4” height carved out
of limestone. The exaggeration of her anatomy suggests she may have
been used as a fertility symbol.
  The Narmer Palette, also known as the Great
Hierakonpolis Palette or the Palette of Narmer, is a
significant Egyptian archeological find, dating from
2920 BC.

 Neferneferuaten Nefertiti 1370 – 1330 BC was an

Egyptian queen and the Great Royal Wife of Akhenaten, an
Egyptian Pharaoh. Nefertiti and her husband were known
for a religious revolution.
GREEK PERIOD
 The two outstanding sculptures of the Hellenistic
period were Praxiteles and Lysippos .
 Praxiteles of Athens, the son of Cephisodotus the
Elder, was the most renowned of the Attic
sculptors of the 4th century BC. He was the first to
sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue.
One of his work is the Hermes and the Infant
Dionysus.
 Hermes and the Infant Dionysus, also known as the Hermes of Praxiteles or the
Hermes of Olympia is an ancient Greek sculpture of Hermes and the infant Dionysus
discovered in 1877 in the ruins of the Temple of Hera, Olympia, in Greece. It is
displayed at the Archaeological Museum of Olympia.
 Lysippos was a Greek sculptor of the 4th century BC. Together with Scopas and
Praxiteles, he is considered one of the three greatest sculptors of the Classical Greek era,
bringing transition into the Hellenistic period. His works are:

 The statue of Laocoön and His Sons, also called the Laocoön
Group, has been one of the most famous ancient sculptures ever
since it was excavated in Rome in 1506 and placed on public
display in the Vatican, where it remains.
  The Winged Victory of Samothrace, also called the Nike of
Samothrace, is a marble Hellenistic sculpture of Nike, that was created
about the 2nd century BC. Since 1884, it has been prominently displayed
at the Louvre and is one of the most celebrated sculptures in the world.

 The Aphrodite of Milos, generally known as the Venus de Milo, is an

ancient Greek statue and one of the most famous works of ancient Greek
sculpture.

 The Dying Gaul, also called The Dying Galatian or The Dying
Gladiator, is an Ancient Roman marble copy of a lost Hellenistic
sculpture, thought to have been originally executed in bronze.
ROMAN PERIOD
 The Romans admired the Hellenistic style and imitated the works of the Greeks. However,
they reduced the human body to mere the head part and thus produced bust. Examples of
busts of Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony.

Bust Sculpture of Julius Caesar

 He was the first dictator of Rome and the one who befriended
the Jews by helping them spread the gospel. Christians were
treated as a Jewish sect; they were allowed to meet just as
Jews were allowed their synagogues. Julius Caesar was almost
bald, as the sculpture depicts, and with a dark skin
complexion. The bust is on display at the Art History
Museum, Vienna, Austria.
Bust of Mark Antony
 Mark Antony was one of Caesars close friends and he
was a Roman orator, politician and soldier. Mark
Antony, Roman politician, general and brother-in-law of
Augustus. Initially allies after Julius Caesar's
assassination, ultimately, the two became enemies and
Mark Antony committed suicide after Augustus
defeated Cleopatra and Mark Antony at the Battle of
Antium.
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
 The sculptures during the early middle ages were produced by Barbaric
civilizations.
 Made of wood, gold, and ivory.
 Sculpture was actually rather rare in the early Medieval period, and the examples
we have from that era are mostly items used for religious worship, like altars and
chalices. Sculptors in the early Medieval world also enjoyed using delicate ivory
to create intricate little statues of Jesus, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and Christian
saints, as well as reliefs for altars.
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
 Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni or more commonly
known by his first name Michelangelo was an Italian sculptor, painter,
architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of
Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of
Western art. David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created in
marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist Michelangelo.
David is a 5.17-metre (17.0 ft)[a] marble statue of a standing male
nude. The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject
in the art of Florence.

 David is a 5.17-metre (17.0 ft)[a] marble statue of a standing male

nude. The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject
in the art of Florence.
 Andrea del Verrocchio, born Andrea di Michele di Francesco de' Cioni, was an Italian
painter, sculptor, and goldsmith who was a master of an important workshop in Florence. He
apparently became known as Verrocchio after the surname of his master, a goldsmith

 Leonardo's Horse (also known as Gran Cavallo) is a

sculpture that was commissioned of Leonardo da Vinci in
1482 by Duke of Milan Ludovico il Moro, but not
completed. It was intended to be the largest equestrian
statue in the world, a monument to the duke's father
Francesco. Leonardo did extensive preparatory work for it,
but produced only a clay model, which was destroyed by
French soldiers when they invaded Milan in 1499,
interrupting the project.
BAROQUE PERIOD
 Baroque sculpture was meant to be viewed from all angles and displayed centrally,
rather than against a wall.
 Gian Lorenzo Bernini was an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in
the world of architecture, he was, also and even more prominently, the leading sculptor
of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. His works are;

 The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is the central sculptural

group in white marble set in an elevated aedicule in the
Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria
  David is a life-size marble sculpture by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The
sculpture was one of many commissions to decorate the villa of
Bernini's patron Cardinal Scipione Borghese – where it still resides
today, as part of the Galleria Borghese. It was completed in the
course of seven months from 1623 to 1624.

 Apollo and Daphne is a life-sized Baroque marble sculpture by Italian

artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, executed between 1622 and 1625. Housed
in the Galleria Borghese in Rome, the work depicts the climax of the
story of Daphne and Phoebus in Ovid's Metamorphoses.
CLASSICAL PERIOD
 Classical sculpture refers loosely to the forms of sculpture from Ancient
Greece and Ancient Rome, as well as the Hellenized and Romanized
civilizations under their rule or influence from about 500 BC to around 200
AD.
 During this period, the French Academy was founded. This academy
established classicism as the official style of the court. Venerating antiquities
and its formal discipline, artists who worked in this style gained the favor of
the court officials.
ROCOCO PERIOD
 Derived from the French word rocoille meaning shell or conch, an extension of the baroque
art in its ornamental aspect, rococo cast order and symmetry aside and subordinated structure
to decoration, with its appearance assembling an organic growth with spiral, twisting lines,
tendrils, fantastic shapes and, shell like motifs
 Here are the best known rococo sculptures

 Jean-Baptiste Pigalle achieved widespread

recognition and became one of the greatest
sculptors of the 18th century. His style of
sculpture which incorporates elements of Baroque
sculpture as well as conventional Neoclassical art,
his best work is the Comte de Saxe
 Étienne Maurice Falconet was a French baroque, rococo and neoclassical sculptor, best-
known for his equestrian statue of Peter the Great, the Bathing girl and, Venus with the
Dove.
 Claude Michel, known as Clodion, was a French sculptor in the Rococo
style, especially noted for his works in terracotta. He is known for his
work Nymph and Satyr

 Jean-Antoine Houdon was a French

neoclassical sculptor. Houdon is famous for
his portrait busts and statues of philosophers,
inventors and political figures of the
Enlightenment. His works are Diana, Voltaire
and George Washington.
REALIST AND NATURALLIST PERIOD
 The era of truth
 This was the time when sculptors presented their works as they appeared
in reality.
 The good and the evil were presented realistically.
MODERN PERIOD
 Modern sculptors experimented not only in the style but also in mediums. Here are some
sculptors in the Modern period.

 Auguste Rodin achieved the reputation of the father of

modern sculpture with his iconic and powerful bronze
portraits.

 Constantin Brâncuși was a Romanian sculptor, painter and

photographer who made his career in France. Considered a pioneer of
modernism, one of the most influential sculptors of the 20th-century,
Brâncuși is called the patriarch of modern sculpture. As a child he
displayed an aptitude for carving wooden farm tools.
  Wilhelm Lehmbruck is a German sculptor, printmaker, and painter best
known for his melancholy sculptures of elongated nudes.

 Henry Spencer Moore was an English artist. He is best known for his
semi-abstract monumental bronze sculptures which are located around
the world as public works of art.

 Julio González Pellicer (21 September 1876 - 27 March 1942) was a

Spanish sculptor and painter who developed the expressive use of iron as
a medium for modern sculpture.
 Aristide Maillol was a French sculptor, painter, and tapestry designer.
Best known for his sculptures of monumental female nudes, Maillol
forged a unique style that closely resembled Classical Grecian statues.
He abstracted forms using strong lines, and often set his public statues
aside from their architectural context. Born on December 8, 1861 in
Banyuls-sur-Mer, France

 Seymour Lipton was an American abstract expressionist sculptor. He

was a member of the New York School who gained widespread
recognition in the 1950s. He initially trained as a dentist but focused on
sculpture from 1932
NOTABLE ARTISTS
LOCAL SCULPTOR
ABUEVA, NAPOLEAN ISABELLA V.
 National artist of the Philippines for
visual arts (sculpture) in 1976
 “Father of modern Philippines
sculpture”
 Expert in both representational style
and modern abstract
 Some of his works are “kaganapan”
(1953) , “kiss of Judas” (1955) and
“the transfiguration” (1979)
CACNIO, MICHAEL
 A graduate of University of the
Philippines who uses brass as a
medium.
 Favorite subject is the family and
focus on children and their games.
 Some of his works are “luksong
tinik” (2002) and “luksong baka”
(2003)
CASTRILLO, EDUARDO
 Studied at UST and a working
student. He did not succeed in his
studies but became a successful
sculptor.
 Some of his works are “Cry of
Tondo” (1978) and “Raja
Sulayman” (1976)
CANTRERES, REY P.
 Filipino sculptor working with urban
refuse and environmental materials as
artistic media.
 Inspired by indigenous Filipino culture
and creates visual forms of contemporary
image and conducts his community-based
art training in a studio he put up near the
railroad tracks in Tondo,Manila.
 Some of his contributions are “The trees”
and “Mother and child”
IMAO, ABDULMARI A.
 National artist of the Philippines for visual arts
(Sculpture)
 Sculptor, painter, photographer, ceramist,
documentary film maker, cultural writer,
researcher and articulator of Philippines museum
art and culture
 Student of Guillermo Tolentino and Napoleon
Abueva
 Some of his work are the brass mural of Philippine
national bank in San francisco, La Union and
Industrial mural of central bank of the Philippines
LUZ, ARTURO R.
 Painter and a sculptor who received a
diploma from the California College of
arts and crafts in Oakland.
 Philippine National artist awardee in
painting
 Some of his work is the “Anito” (1960)
NAVARRO, JEREMIAS
 Versatile artist, being a proficient sculptor, painter,
printmaker and graphic designer.
 Some of his famous work is “Flying Contraption for
Mr. Icarus” (1984) and “I’m sorry Jesus I can’t attend
Christmas this year” (1965)
SAPRID, SOLOMON
 Earned Master's degree in Education from the Ohio
State University.
 One of the best and most respected sculptor of the
contemporary age.
 Produced spectacular pieces of art which made him
earn the title “Goliath” and the National artist in
visual arts.
 Some of his work are “Sitting Gargoyle” (1980) and
“Tikbalang” (1980)
TOLENTINO, GUILLERMO
 National artist of the Philippines for visual
arts (sculpture)
 Studied at Royal Academy of fine arts in
Rome.
 He was a mentor to budding sculptors,
among them was Napoleon Abueva.
 His famous works are “The Bonifacio
Monument” (1933) and “Oblation” UP
(1935)
FOREIGN SCULPTOR
BERNINI, GIOVANNI LORENZO
 He was considered the most versatile of Baroque
artists.
 He produced the famous “Ecstacy of St. Theresa”
located at Capella Cornaro, St. Maria Della
Victoria in Rome.
 As an architect, he designed the colonnade
adjoining the facade of St. Peter’s Cathedral and
converging toward the oval-shaped piazza.
 His other sculptures include “Louis XIV” and
“Death of Lodovica Albertoni”.
BERNINI, PIETRO
 The father of giovanni lorenzo, he died in
rome.
 One of his best known contributions to the
city of rome is the “fontana della
barcaccia (1627). Located on the piazza di
spagna, it resembles a beached ship.
 He also did “St. Martin dividing his
cloak”
BUONARROTI SIMONI, MICHELANGELO DI
LADOVICO
 Commonly known as Michelangelo, Buonarroti was
an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect poet
and engineer.
 He is the best-documented artist of the 16th century.
Two of his best- known sculptures, the “Pieta” and the
“David” were sculpted before he turned 30.
 His favorite medium was marble, which he used for
the two works. He was admired by his contemporaries
for his sense of awe-inspiring grandeur.
 Subsequent artists attempted to imitate his
impassioned and highly personal style and this
attempt resulted in the Mannerist Movement.
CANOVA, ANTONIO
 Canova was an Italian Sculptor who became
famous for his marble sculptures that delicately
rendered nude flesh.
 Two of his works are “Psyche Revived by
Cupid’s Kiss” and “Perseus holding the head of
Medusa”.
CELLIMO, BENVENUTO
 Cellini was an Italian goldsmith, painter,
sculptor, soldier and musician of the
Renaissance. Born in Florence, Italy, he
worked under several employers.
 His works include a forty-solid piece with a
“Bust of the Duke of Mantua”, “Crucifixion”,
“Nymph of Fountainebleau”, “Ganymede”
and “Bust of Cosimo”.
DA VINCI, LEONARDO DI SER PIERO
 Born in the Tuscan town of Vinci, Leonardo had no
surname in the modern sense. His full birth name
was Leonardo de ser Piero da Vinci which means
“Leonardo, son of (Mes)ser Piero from Vinci”.
 At the age of five, he went to live in the household
of his father, married a 16-year-old girl named
Alberia, who loved Leonardo. But unfortunately
died young.
 His works include the “Vitruvian Man”, “The Last
Supper” and “Mona Lisa”.
DONATELLO
 Donatello, the short form for Donato di Florence, known
for his basso rilievo (has relief), he received his early
artistic training in a goldsmith’s workshop and later in
Lorenzo Ghiberti’s studio.
 In Rome, he worked with Filippo Brunelleschi from 1404
to 1407.
 Donatello’s sculptures are considered as supreme
expressions of the spirit of this era in sculpture.
 Among his works are “St. Mark”, a statue for the Church
of Orsanmichele. “St. George and the Dragon”, “St. Louis
of Toulouse”. “Beardless Prophet”, “Sacrifice of Iisaac”,
“Jeremiah” and “Pazzi Madonna”.
GHIBERTI, LORENZO
 Born in Florence, Ghiberti was an Italian artist of the
early Renaissance best known for his Sculpture and
metal-working.
 Bartoluccio Ghiberti, his father, was a trained artist
and goldsmith. He underwent training first under his
father and later under a roster of artists, namely:
Donatello, Masolino, Michelozzo, Uccello and
Antonio Pollaluolo.
 He re-invented the lost wax-casting of bronze-casting
as it was used by the Ancient Romans. Before he
died, at the age of 77, he had produced several works
which include “Gates of Paradise”, “Jacob and Esau”
and “The Three Graces”.
GLACOMETTI, ALBERTO
 Born in Borgonovo, Glacometti moved to
Geneva to attend the school of fine arts and to
Paris to train under the sculptor Antoine
Bourdelle, an associate of Auguste Rodin.
 There, he experimented with cubism and
surrealism and was regarded as one of the
leading surrealist sculptors.
 Some of his works are “Woman with her Throat
Cut”, “Cat”, “Three Men Walking III” and
“Woman of Venice II”.
MOORE, HENRY S.
 Moore was an English artist and sculptor.
 Born in Yokshire town of Castleford, he became
well-known for his large scale abstract cast bronze
and carved marble sculptures.
 He helped to introduce a particular form of
modernism in the United Kingdom.
 His ability to satisfy large-scale commissions made
him exceptionally wealthy towards the end of his
life.
 He was best known for his works “Reclining
Figure” and “Knife Edge”, a two piece bronze
sculpture located opposite the Houses of
Parliament, Westminister, London.
PHIDIAS
 Phidias was one of the sculptors of the Golden Age of
Greece and the chief sculptor of Parthenon, whose
figures are considered by the aesthetes as the highest
expression of the spirit of the Geeks.
 “The Gods are conceived as heroic men and women,
impersonal and super-mundane. Gravity and Grace
combine in perfection of harmony which no artist has
ever surpassed” (Van de Bogart, 1968).
PRAXITELES
 Praxiteles was another sculptor of the Golden Age of
Greece.
 A pupil of Phidias, he was known for his work
“Hermes with the infant Dionysus”, famous for the so-
called S. curve of Praxiteles.
PUGET, PIERRE
 Puget was a Frenchman who had his training
under Bernini.
 He was known for his monuments, one of which
was “The Victorious Alexander”, which featured
Alexander the Great fresh from his triumph.
RODIN, FRANCOIS AUGUSTE RENE
 Famous for his work “The Thinker” and “The
Kiss”, Rodin was preeminent French sculptor of his
time and remains to be among of those few
sculptors widely recognized outside the visual arts.
 He was schooled traditionally, took a craftsman
like approach to his work and desired academic
recognition. As a sculptor, he possessed a unique
ability to model a complex, turbulent, deeply
pocketed surface in a clay.
 Many of his most notable sculptures were criticized
during his lifetime. Among them are “The Gates of
Hell”, “Andromeda”, “Bacchus in the Vat”, Balzac
and “Torso of a Man”.
 WORD MAP

 Additive Sculpture-the sculptor simply together the materials to come up with the
desired figure.
 Art- the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a
visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for
their beauty or emotional power.
 Assembling - a painting process in which paper and other materials are pasted to a picture
surface.
 Casting – process involved in producing bronze sculpture.
 Constructing Materials - a painting process in which paper and other materials are
pasted to a picture surface.
 WORD MAP

 High Relief - almost the same as a free-standing sculpture but differs from the latter
because it is attached so that the back part cannot be seen by onlooker
 Low Relief - Almost the same as a painting because it is somewhat and attached to a
surface but differs from the latter because it has volume and the medium used varies from
the mediums used in painting.
 Medium- the substance the artist uses to create a piece of artwork.
 Mobile – capable of moving
 Modeling – Process involved when clay or claylike substance are used as mediums.
 Relief Sculpture - Does not stand on its own because it is attached.
 WORD MAP

 Round Sculpture - Free-standing sculpture or sculpture in the round stands on its own
and is capable of being viewed at all sides (Front, rear, left and right sides).
 Sculpere – “to carve”
 Sculpture - is the art of carving or otherwise forming a three-dimensional work of art.
 Static – incapable of moving
 Subject- what the artist has chosen to paint, draw or sculpt.
 Subtractive Sculpture-the sculpture simply removes the unnecessary parts of the
medium he uses to form the desire figure.
Thank you for
listening!