KIPM-COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Seminar
Represented to : Er. Alok Kumar Yadav

Represented by: Narendra Chaurasia

B.tech(3rd)(EE)
1575120030
 Seminar
on
“PLC”
(Programmable Logic Controller)
Content
1) Introduction
2) History
3) PLC Hardware
4) PLC Programming
5) Advantage & Disadvantage
6) Future scope
7) Application
What is PLC?
PLC is a digital computer designed for multiple
inputs and output arrangements, extended
temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise,
and resistance to vibration and impact. A PLC is an
example of a real time system

Fig 1 . PLC
History of PLC
 First Programmable Logic Controllers was designed
and developed by Modicon as a relay replacer
for General Motors.
 The first PLC, model name 084, was invented by
Morley in 1969 who is considered to be the "father" of
the PLC.
 The first commercial successful PLC, the 184, was
introduced in 1973 which was designed by Michael
Greenberg.
PLC Hardware
1) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2) Memory
3) Input modules 4) Output modules
5) Power supply
6) I/O Bus
General PLC architecture
Programming device

Power Memory
CPU
Supply

I/O Bus
I/O System Module

Output Input
Devices Devices
PLC operation sequence
1) Self test: Testing of its own hardware and software
for faults.
2)Input scan: If there are no problems, PLC will copy all
the inputs and copy their values into memory.
3)Logic solve/scan: Using inputs, the ladder logic
program is solved once and outputs are updated.
4)Output scan: While solving logic the output values
are updated only in memory when ladder scan is done,
the outputs will be updated using temporary values in
memory.
Block diagram of a PLC
Outputs
LEDs

Inputs
Programming Languages of
PLC
IEC 61131-3 currently defines five programming
languages for PLCs
1) Functional Block Diagram
2) Ladder Logic
3) Structured Text similar to the Pascal Programming
language
4) Instruction List similar to Assembly language
5) Sequential Function Chart
Ladder Logic
 The ladder logic is the oldest programming
language for PLC.
 It is well suited to express Combinational
logic
The main ladder logic symbols represent the
elements:

make contact

break contact

relay coil
Basic gates
AND Gate OR Gate

A B Logic(Y) A B Logic(Y)
OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF OFF
OFF ON ON
OFF ON OFF
ON OFF ON
ON OFF OFF
ON ON ON
ON ON ON

YY
AA B YY
B
 NOR Gate NAND Gate

A B Logic(Y) A B Logic(Y)
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON
OFF ON OFF OFF ON ON
ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON
ON ON OFF ON ON OFF

Y
A B Y
B
Programming Example
Ladder Logic Program for Start/Stop of Motor :

X1 X2 Y1

X2
X1
X1 X2

Y1
Programming PLC
Starting of Motor
Continuous Running of motor when Start Button is
released
To Stop the Motor
Advantages of PLCs
 Reliability.
 Flexibility in programming and reprogramming.
 Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
 Small physical size, shorter project time.
 High speed of operation.
 Ability to communicate with computer systems in
the plant.
 Ease of maintenance /troubleshooting.
 Reduced space.
 Energy saving.
Disadvantages of PLCs
PLC devices are proprietary.
Fixed Circuit Operations.
 PLCs manufacturers offer only closed architectures.
 Applications
Wherever automation is desired the PLCs are best
suited to meet the task.

Few examples of industries where PLCs are used :

1) Robots manufacturing and control
2) Car park control
3) Train control station system
4) Food processing
5) Materials handling
6)Machine tools
7)Conveyer system etc.
Future Scope
Future scope of industrial automation would be
good enough as every technology is involved
with automation techniques. It is the use of
various control devices such as PC’s, DCs, and
PLCs to control various operations of an industry
without significant intervention from humans and
to provide automatic control performance.
Thank You