BAJADO, Allyssa Mae D.

Microbiology 1
- Inflammation of the bladder
- Caused by Escherichia coli

TREATMENT: Antibiotic
 Inflammation of the urethra (which carries
urine from the bladder outside the body)
 Caused by Escherichia coli

Symptoms: Pain during intercourse, discharge

from urethral opening/vagina
MEN: Blood in semen/Urine

 Treatment: Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin,

Doxycycline, Monodox
 Inflammation of the cervix

POSSIBLE CAUSES:
Sexually Transmitted Infections – Gonorrhea,
Chlamydia, Genital herpes, Trichomoniasis,
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
 Occurs when mucosal lining of the vagina
becomes inflammed and irritated
 Caused by:
Yeast: Candida albicans
Virus: Herpes and HPV

3 diseases associated with vulvovaginitis

 Bacterial Vaginosis – most common sexually
active women (Metronidazole/Clindamycin)
 Trichomoniasis – caused by Trichomonas
vaginalis (Mentronidazole)
 Candidiasis – caused by Candida albicans
(Antifungal agents)
 Characterized by a disruption of the skin/mucosal
layer of the genital region

 Genital Herpes – Chronic viral infection caused by

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

2 SEROTYPES of HSV
 HSV-1: affects the genital area via sexual contact
 HSV-2: associated with an oral infection of the lips
and gums (Cold sores and Fever blisters)
 Lab diagnosis
Viral isolation – most common method for diagnosis of
HSV infection
 Causative agent is Treponema pallidumsubpallidum
 Acquired via Direct sexual contact, Non-genital contact with
lesion, or Transplacental transmission to a fetus

Primary stage of Syphilis

 Chancre: single erythematous lesion that is nontender but firm
with clean surface and raised border

Secondary stage of Syphilis

 Rash

Tertiary stage of Syphilis

 Gummas
 Neurosyphilis
 Congenital syphilis – infected mother to her fetus by crossing the
placenta
 Aka soft chancre
 Caused by Haemophilus ducreyi
 Characterized by painful genital ulceration
and bubo formation

TREATMENT
Oral: Azithromycin, Ciproflaxin, Erythromycin
Intramuscular: Ceftriaxone
 Caused by Neisseria gonnorhoeae
 Transmitted by sexual contact

PAINFUL URINATION – Most common

manifestation

Ophthalmia neonatorum – gonococcal eye

infection during vaginal delivery
(Erythromycin)
 Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis – most
common sexually transmitted bacteria

Serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis

 Trachoma – chronic eye infection, scarring of
the cornea as the eyelid turns downward
toward the cornea
 Lymphogranuloma – strong inflammatory
response results to bubo formation and
rupture of the lymph nodes
 HIV is the causative agent of AIDS

3 PHASES OF AIDS

 Acute infection - Difficult to recognize,

symptoms are like mononucleiosis (Weight lose,
night sweats, pharyngitis)
 Clinically latent infection – the virus is actively
replicating in lymphoid tissue destroying large
number of T cells
 Progression to AIDS – deteoriation of the immune
system
 OTHER SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED DISEASE
 Caused by HPV
 Typically small bumps that can be raised, flat,
single, or in groups
 Most common viral STD

Clinical manifestation
 Affects skin and mucosal membranes (Moist
and dry areas)
 Liver becomes inflammed
 Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) – Spread via fecal and
oral contact
HIGH RISK: Participates in receptive anal
intercourse
 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) – Spread via sexual
transmission or conact with blood, semen,
vaginal secretions
 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) – spread via infected
persons blood
 Disease affecting the female reproductive
organs

TREATMENT
 Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline: Gonorrhea and
Chlamydia
 Complication of infection with Chlamydia and
Gonorrhea
 Inflammation of epididymis affecting men
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Scrotal inflammation, testicular pain,
tenderness, chills, fever
 Inflammation of the rectal lining
 Most common in those who engage in anal or
oral anal intercourse
 Caused by STI’s, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea,
Syphilis, HSP, HPV