By:

Mallikarjuna.S (1AP15CV020)
Kavithamma.P (1AP16CV404)
Parashuram.N (1AP15CV028)

Under the guidance of

Dr. N. Lakshminarasimaiah
(Head of the Department)
Dept. of Civil Engineering
 INTRODUCTION
 Concrete is one of most versatile material used in building construction.

 Aggregates contribute about 60 to 70 percent of the total volume. Thus

they have an major influence on the different material properties like
density, specific gravity, water absorption etc.

 Replacing partially or entirely the coarser normal weight aggregate in

conventional concrete with low density aggregates will produce
lightweight concrete that can reach a reasonably good compressive
resistance.

 The advantages of lightweight concrete(LWC) are its reduced mass and

improved thermal and sound insulation properties, while maintaining
adequate strength.
 LITERATURE REVIEW:

8Structural Properties Of Silica Fume Modified

Light Weight Aggregate (Cinder) Concrete
N. Shivalinga Rao V. Bhaskar Desai and B.L.P
Swamy (2011)
1. ₹xxc9 doxIt was noted that up to 6087x.
2. The strengmth 2increased and density
decreased after xodycuring f4r3, dxx5wxxxx,
dxx5 p,dxx5 dxx5,xeight of the cinder concrete
varies from 1980 red 2x2 2x2 2x2 2x2 2x2x
2x2x 2x2x 2 3 23r2000kg/m³.2 Cinde w the
deflection of beams,yz slabs etc , arxe found tof4
iinincrease.p09x
 Strength Analysis Of Concrete By Using Cinder
Aggregate
Dadapeer A.B.S and Dasthagir Y (Dec 2016)

 Based on the tests, the Compressive strength is decreased

continuously with the increase in percentage of cinder.
 The split tensile also decreased with increase in percentage
cinder and also the percentage of decrease in split tensile
strength is increased continuously with increase in cinder.
 However, with 75% replacement of conventional aggregate
by cinder aggregate more than target mean strength of
concrete is achieved.
 Light Weight Concrete With Full Replacement For
Fine And Partial Replacement For Coarse
Aggregate.
Savitri Karanth , Ranjith N Reddy , Sachin Shekar
(june 2017)
 Cinder is a porous light weight material.Hence, the
replacement of coarse aggregate by cinder would naturally
make the concrete lighter.The density of the concrete was
found to reduced by 18.13% when coarse aggregate was
replaced by cinder completely.
 Mechanical strength of concrete reduced with the inclusion
of concrete ,However, there were no drastic change in
strength beyond 60% replacement.
 Some Studies On Strength Properties Of Light
Weight Cinder Aggregate Concrete
Mr. A. Sathyam and V. Bhaskar Desai (2014)
 An effort is made to study the strength properties of LWAC
in various % proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 of cinder
and calculated the properties such as compressive strength,
split tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, density and
shear stress.
 Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregates By
Cinder In Light Weight Concrete
P S Raghuprasad ,et. al. (2015)
Concrete blocks replaced with cinder partially in place of
coarse aggregate were tested and it was found that 15%
replacement of cinder gave more strength.
 Light Weight Aggregates Of Cinder Mix Concrete
With Comparison Between Compressive Strength
And Density values
Dr .N. Venkatesh (2016)
 It maybe concluded that primary tests results indicate the
quantity of Cinder is low in compression wrt natural
rocks.However, concrete produced with cinder attained
strength higher than bricks.
 The variation of split tensile strengths and fluxural
strengths with respect to 10% replacement of cement are
found to be more or less same as the compressive strengths
variation.
 Investigations On Properties Of Light Weight
Cinder Aggregate Concrete.
E.Hanuman Sai Gupta ,V.Giridhar Kumar (July 2015)
 Cinder aggregates are light in weight with low specific gravity
(G= 2.05). it is considered as best alternative to conventional
coarse aggregate to produce light weight concrete. From the
test results it is concluded that the crushing Strength is low
when compared with Normal granite Aggregate.
 Cinder aggregate concrete with replacement level of 40% of
cinder achieved the equal target mean strength as conventional
concrete(32 MPa).This shows that granite aggregate can be
replaced with 40 % Cinder aggregate to achieve target mean
strength at 28 days. The strength of light weight concrete may
also varies from about .3 MPa to 40 MPa
 A Case Study On Light Weight Concrete Mix
Owens, P.L. et al.(2015)
The Light weight aggregate concrete is a material with low
unit weight and often made with spherical aggregates. The
density of structural Light weight aggregate concrete
typically ranges from 1400 to 2000 kg/m³ compared with
that of about 2400 kg/m³for normal weight aggregate
concrete.
 Design analysis Of Light Weight Aggregate
Concrete
Clarke J.L (2011)
Light weight aggregate concrete presents a flexural and
tensile strength slightly inferior to normal weight concrete
of the same compressive strength.
Partial Replacement Of Cement And Coarse
Aggregate By GGBS and Burnt Coal Cinder
Nataraja M C et al.,(2015)
The mix design can be economized by using significant
amount of GGBS as replacement to cement. Concrete mixes
are designed with cement alone and with cement and GGBS at
30% and 60% replacement levels using burnt coal cinder.
Concrete with conventional granite aggregate is also cast and
tested for comparison.
 Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate By
LECA And Cinder
Dr. P Prakash and Anil kumar R (2016) –presented an
experimental investigation on concrete by replacing coarse
aggregate by cinder and leca.M30 grade light weight concrete
with 60% cinder and 40% leca had an average compressive
strength of 36.52MPa and split tensile strength of 2.5MPa
 A Case Study On Partial Replacement Of Coarse
Aggregate By Cinder and LECA
Dr. S Vijaya and Nagashree B (2015)
In this study ,the Mix design is carried out for both M20 and
M30 grade concrete mixes; the coarse aggregate is fully
replaced by blended aggregate(cinder an leca) in various
percentages by volume. The experimental results shows
that the full replacement of coarse aggregate proportion
with 40% of leca and 60% of cinder aggregates have better
results with high strength,less wieght and low density.
 Study Analysis Of Light Weight Aggregates In
Concrete Mix
Takafumi Noguchi et al ., (2011)
 conducted researches on light weight aggregate concrete and
suggested a formula for modulus of elasticity. They have
arrived at the formula from the test results of different light
weight aggregate concrete specimens. The formula is,
E = K1 x K2 x 1.486 x10^-3 σb 1/3 x γ2
Where σb = Compressive strength in Mpa
γ = Density in Kg/m3 of concrete
K1 = 0.95 (Correction factor
corresponding to coarse aggregates)
K2 = 1.026 (Correction factor corresponding to
mineral admixtures)
Analysis Of Light Weight Aggregate In Concrete
mix
Campione, G., et al.,
 The brittle nature of lightweight concrete greatly depends
on the aggregates used and in particular on their density: in
general, greater aggregate density improves the strength of
the material to the detriment of the non-structural properties
mentioned above.
 This disadvantage can be overcome by increasing the
ordinary confinement transverse reinforcement and/or by
adding reinforcing fibers to the concrete matrix, as has
been shown in several recent studies
 Partial Replacement Of Cement And Coarse Aggregate
By GGBS and Burnt Coal Cinder
Nataraja M C et al., ( 2017)
The mix design can be economized by using significant amount of
GGBS as replacement to cement. Concrete mixes are designed
with cement alone and with cement and GGBS at 30% and 60%
replacement levels using burnt coal cinder.
 A Case Study On Light Weight Concrete
Rathish Kumar P. et al.,( 2016)
It was noted that with 12.5mm size aggregate and 30% fly
ash replacement, the mechanical properties were superior in
20Mpa Light weight Concrete, while 10 mm size aggregate
with a 30% fly ash replacement improved the properties of
30Mpa concrete.
 Design Criteria Of Light Weight Aggregate
Concrete
Thorenfeldt E (1995)
 Light weight aggregate concrete has a faster hardening
factor in the initial setting phase than conventional
concrete,normally reaching 80% of the 28 day strength
within 7 days.
 The strength growth from 28 to 90 days is generally low
and decreases with increasinf concrete strength limiting
effect of the light weight aggregate.
 Development Of Very Low Density Structural
Light Weight Concrete
Dr Sunila George and Rajeshwari S (2004)
In this study an attempt has been made to compare
conventional concrete and light weight aggregate concrete
using m25 Mix. Partial replacement of coarse aggregate by
burnt coal cinder by 60% the compressive strength is
comparable with normal concrete
 Light Weight Concrete with Full Replacement for
Fine and Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate
Dandu Chinna Narasimhudu (2015)
 light weight concrete by replacing cement with
fly ash and silica fumes in addition to
replacement of coarse aggregate by cinder. The
studies concluded that the combination of 5%
silica fumes, 20% fly ash with up to 60% cinder
show satisfactory results.
PROPERTIES OF CINDER

 Rough and highly porous due to mineral

structure.
 Classified as having 100% crushed face.

 Lighter than normal concrete due to its low

specific gravity.
 The water absorption for cinder is around 1.5%.
 OBJECTIVES:
 To understand the suitability of cinders as a replacement for coarse
aggregate in slag based concrete blocks.
 Understand the effects of cinders on hardened properties of slag based
concrete blocks.

MATERIALS:
 Cinder
 M Sand
 Cement
 GGBS GGBS Cinder
 METHODOLOGY:
The experimental investigation was planned in the following three stages;

Stage 1 -To conduct various physical tests on raw materials or ingredients

Materials Tests to be
conducted
Cinder • Specific gravity
• Water absorption
• Size and shape test
• Bulk density
• Fineness modulus
• Consistency test
Cement • Specific gravity
(OPC 43grade) • Initial and final
setting time
 • Specific gravity
• Bulk density
Fine aggregate • Fineness modulus
(M sand) • Particle size distribution
(grading of aggregate)
• Moisture content
• Bulking of sand
Ground • Specific gravity
Granulated • Fineness
Blast Furnace
Slag(GGBS)
Stage 2 - Casting of specimens.

 The mix design has been conducted for M20 concrete making use of
ISI method of mix design using normal constituents of concrete.
 In the course of investigation normal granite aggregate has been
replaced by light weight aggregate namely (cinder) in percentages of
0, 25, 50, 75 and 100.

 Preparations: (Hand mixing):

 Cement and fine aggregate were mixed on a water tight non-

absorbent platform until the mixture is thoroughly blended and is of
uniform color.
 Coarse aggregate were added to it and mix until the coarse
aggregate is uniformly distributed throughout the batch.
 At last water is added and mixed it until the concrete appears to be
homogeneous and of the desired consistency.
 The specimens are casted using steel moulds(150*150*150mm).
After casting, the specimens are cured (normal water curing) for 28 days.

Stage 3 - Testing of blocks.

Following tests are conducted on cured blocks(7 ,14,28 days) and tested as
follows:
 Fineness modulus.

 Workability of Concrete Mix

 Compresssive strength.

 Split Tensile strength.

 Flexural strength.

After testing, the results are tabulated and discussed.

 CONCLUSION

 Best alternative to produce lightweight concrete.

 Density of concrete mixes with cinder aggregates are
lesser than normal concrete.
 Reduces the dead weight of the structure.

 Cinder aggregate concrete with replacement level of 40%

of cinder achieved the equal target mean strength as
conventional concrete(32 MPa)
 cinder aggregate is effectively used as coarse aggregate
replacement up to 100 %.