You are on page 1of 22

GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS(AUTONOMOUS),ibrahimpatnam

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MINI PROJECT SEMINAR ON

AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON


SENSING SOIL MOISTURE
BY
CH.KAVYA SRI 15WJ1A0225
G.MANASA 15WJ1A0244
K.MANOJ KUMAR 15WJ1A0262

PROJECT COORDINATOR INTERNAL GUIDE HOD


Mr. J.MAHESH YADAV Mr. CH.V.SURYANARAYANA Dr .P .V .KISHORE
M. TECH, (Ph .D) M. TECH M. TECH, Ph .D
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND


4/7/2019 1
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 IMPORTANCE
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS
 POWER SUPPLY
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY
 MICROCONTROLLER
 8051 MICROCONTROLLER FEATURES
 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
 RELAY
 MOTOR
 WORKING
 OUTPUT SCREENSHOT
 ADVANTAGES
 APPLICATIONS

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 2


 This project is intended to create an automated irrigation
mechanism which turns the pumping motor ON and OFF on
detecting the moisture content of the earth. In the domain of
farming, utilization of appropriate means of irrigation is
significant. The benefit of employing this technique is to
decrease the human interference and still make certain
appropriate irrigation.
 This automated irrigation project brings into play LM358
INTERFACING CIRCUIT and UL2003 SENSOR.

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 3


 In agriculture field, the environmental parameters are monitored
only by farmer. There is no automatic system is available for
agriculture monitoring.
 In this system, the agricultural soil moisture is going to be
monitored by sensor. The sensor is interfaced with the
microcontroller.
 This system is proposed to maximize the net profits of
agricultural resources and protect plants against frost.

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 4


 The aim of the project is to develop an auto irrigation system
which measures the moisture of the soil and automatically
turns on or off the water supply system.
 A properly configured soil moisture sensor can save up to 60
percent of water used in irrigation.

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 5


POWER
SUPPLY

AT89S52
LCD
SOIL MOISTURE
sensor

Relay Pump Motor

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 6


HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 AT89S52 with power supply
 LCD display
 Pump motor
 Soil moisture sensor
 Relay board
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 Embedded C
 KEIL Compiler

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 7


 The power supply section which provide +5v for the
components to work IC LM7805 is proving a constant power
supply of +5v
 The AC voltage ,typically 220v,is connected to a transformer
,which steps down that ac voltage down to the level of
desired dc output
 A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also retains same
dc value even if input and output varies
 Voltage regulation usually obtained using one of the popular
voltage regulator IC units

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 8


TRANSFO RECTIFIE IC LOA
FILTER D
RMER RR REGULATOR

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 9


 A Microcontroller (or MCU) is a computer-on-a-chip used to
control electronic devices. It is a type of microprocessor
emphasizing self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in
contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor (the kind used in
a PC).
 A typical microcontroller contains all the memory and
interfaces needed for a simple application, whereas a general
purpose microprocessor requires additional chips to provide
these functions.
 The four basic parts of microcontroller are: central processing
unit(CPU),internal memory, register, and input/output(I/O)
subsystem
4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 10
 Eight-bit CPU with registers A (the accumulator) and B
 Sixteen-bit program counter (PC) and the data pointer (DPTR)
 Eight-bit program status word (PSW)
 Eight-bit stack pointer (SP)
 Internal ROM or EPROM (8751) of 0 (8031) to 4K (8051)
 Internal RAM of 128 bytes:
 Four register banks, each containing eight registers
 Sixteen bytes, which may be addressed at the bit level
 Eighty bytes of general-purpose data memory
 Thirty-two input/output pins arranged as four 8-bit ports: P0-P3
 Two 16-bit timer/counters: T0 and T1
 Full duplex serial data receiver/transmitter: SBUF
 Control registers: TCON, TMOD, SCON, PCON, IP, and IE
 Two external and three internal interrupt sources
 Oscillator and clock circuits

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 11


 A SOIL type sensor is the easiest of soil moisture
sensor but it is considered as being highly crude.
 It is suitable for an inaccurate measurement such as
the soil being wet or not. The sensor uses the sol as
the resistance medium and passes the current through
the soil between the two electrodes.
 The resistance value represents the moisture content
of the soil. By accumulating more water this makes
the soil to have more conductivity; the moisture soil
will be less than the dry soil.
4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 12
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display
module and find a wide range of applications.
 A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and
there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed
in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely,
Command and Data.

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 13


Fig : 14*6 LCD display

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 14


 A relay is an electromechanical switch, which perform ON
and OFF operations without any human interaction.
 Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
low-power signal or where several circuits must be controlled
by one signal

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 15


 We use submersible pump motor
 Submersible pump is a device which has a hermetically sealed
motor(prevents water from getting inside and causing a short
circuit)
 It operates by pumping process this pump is fully submerged
in the liquid to be pumped

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 16


 The soil moisture sensor is inserted in the soil. Depending on
the quality of the sensor, it must be inserted near the roots of
the plant.
 The soil moisture sensor measures the conductivity of the
soil. Wet soil will be more conductive than dry soil. The soil
moisture sensor module has a comparator in it.
 The voltage from the prongs and the predefined voltage are
compared and the output of the comparator is high only when
the soil condition is dry. This output from the soil moisture
sensor is given to the analogue input pin (Pin 2 – RA0) of the
microcontroller.

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 17


 The microcontroller continuously monitors the analogue input pin.
When the moisture in the soil is above the threshold, the
microcontroller displays a message mentioning the same and the
motor is off. When the output from the soil moisture sensor is high
i.e. the moisture of the soil is less.
 This will trigger the microcontroller and displays an appropriate
message on the LCD and the output of the microcontroller, which is
connected to the base of the transistor is high. When the transistor is
turned on, the relay coil gets energized and turns on the motor.
 The LED is also turned on and acts as an indicator. When the
moisture of the soil reaches the threshold value, the output of the
soil moisture sensor is low and the motor is turned off. The system
is also designed to warn when the moisture is very high than the
threshold and the soil is too wet, which is dangerous for the plant.

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 18


4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 19
 Prevents disease and weeds.
 Conserves water and time.
 Preserves soil structure and nutrients.
 Gardening flexibility.

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 20


 The circuit can be used to measure the loss of moisture in the
soil over time due to evaporation and intake.
 The circuit is designed to work automatically without the need
of human intervention.
 The project is intended for small gardens and residual
environment.

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 21


THANK YOU
Any questions?.....

4/7/2019 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 22

You might also like