Early Greece

Chapter 4: 1-2

Essential Questions:
1. Identify the major city-states in
Greece and their contributions to
Western civilization.
2. Compare and Contrast the results
of the Persian and Peloponnesian
Wars with regard to Athens.
Geography of Early Mountains and seas
make it difficult for
Greece Greece to become a
unified empire.
Seas also provided a
link for to the outside
world through trade
Greeks had city-
states called the polis
with an acropolis or
high city on a hilltop
temples
Often surrounded by
a wall.
Minoans (1750BC-1500BC)
 Named for King Minos
of Crete, the
civilization was based
on trade not conquest.
 Traded with Egypt and
Mesopotamia
 Palace at Knossos:
Shows evidence of
matriarchal society and
athletic contests
 1400BC civilizations
disappears: natural
disasters and invaders
possible.
Mycenaean Life and Culture
(1400BC-1200BC)
 Indo-European invaders
creating the first Greek state.
 Sea traders with City-states
ruled by warrior kings
 Trojan War 1250 BC:
 Trade conflict between Mycenae
and Troy over a strait, narrow
water passage, that connects
Mediterranean and Black Seas.
 Legend: Trojan prince Paris
kidnapped Helen, Greek queen.
Fought for 10 yrs and ended with
the Greeks sneaking into the city
in a horse.
 Heinrich Schliemann proved
that there was a war.
 Age of Homer
 Dorians invade and Greece falls
into a Dark Age 1100BC-800BC
 Homer 750BC= blind poet told stories
of heroes.
 Epics: Iliad , about the Trojan War,
and Odyssey, about Odysseus’ return
home form the war.
 They teach us about the Greek values
of honor, courage, and eloquence, as
well as about their beliefs
Early Civilization in Greece
●
Minoans on ●
Catastrophic collapse
Crete of Minoan Civilization

2800 BC 1450 BC

●
Trojan War over
trade rights
1250 BC

Dark Age Mycenaean

●

Civilization Collapsed
●
End Dark Age
1100 BC 750 BC
 New Types of Government
Monarchy:


Aristocracy:


Oligarchy:


Democracy:

 New Types of Government
 Monarchy:
 a government in which a
king or queen has complete
control
 Aristocracy:
 Government controlled by a
landowning elite
 Oligarchy:
 Government in which power
lies in the hands of a few
such as the business class.
 Democracy:
 Type of government that
develops in Athens in which
the people (citizens) hold
ruling power.
The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Group Political Rights

Adult Males Citizens with political rights

Women and Citizens with no political rights

Children

Slaves and Noncitizens

Foreigners
Tyranny in the City-States
Government Advantage
Tyranny Ended aristocratic domination
and was favored by both new
rich and poor peasants. Built
marketplaces, temples, and
walls.
Democracy Citizens get to participate in
government
Oligarchy Two kings keep each other in
check and are helped by the
ephors
Disadvantage
It was an insult to the idea
of rule of law which the
Greeks believed was
important.
It was only open to upper
class males.
Many were citizens and
noncitizens like slaves had
no voice in government.
Athens and Sparta
 By 750 BC, the city-
state, became the
central focus of Greek
Life
 Two of the most
important city-states
in Greece are Athens
and Sparta.
 Define/Identify the
following:
 Hoplite

 Helot

 Tyrant

 Ephors
 Sparta and Athens
Sparta Both Athens
Government Oligarchy / Monarchies Monarchy ->
Monarchy with Aristocracy ->
Ephors Tyrany ->
Military State Democracy
Education Physical Education Military, Gods and Girls little to none,
and the Art of War Gods, Language boys learned many
Start at 7 subjects in school
Economy Looked down on Trade was
trade and wealth, important and led to
took spoils of war wealth and power
Role of Produce healthy Subordinate to men No share in public
Women sons, health and life, managed
exercise important, household and
inherit property, raised children
obedience
Treatment Brutal and harsh Believed Greeks Debt slavery was
of Slaves punishments, were superior and common but
prisoners of war owned slaves outlawed by Solon
Political Reforms
Leader Reforms

Solon Cancelled all land debts and freed people who had fallen
into slavery for debts.

Pisistratus Pleased the merchants improving trade, gave aristocrats’

land to peasants in order to please the poor.

Cleisthenes Created a new council of five hundred that supervised

foreign affairs, oversaw the treasury, and proposed laws.
=> created the foundations for democracy
 Greece established
Greek Colonization colonies in…
750-550 BC Southern Italy
Southern France
Eastern Spain
Northern Africa
(west of Egypt)
Along the Black
Sea (on the
Helespont and
Bosporus) =
Byzantium/Consta
ntinople/Istanbul
Colonization led to
increased trade and
industry as well as
wealthy individuals
seeking political
power.
Greece vs. Persia
 Persian Wars:
Marathon: 490 BC Thermopylae: 480 BC

●
Greeks, out numbered 2-1 defeat ●
King Leondias and a small
the Persians. Spartan force held the Persian
●
Pheidippides ran 26.2 miles to Immortals led by Xerxes I off at a
proclaim the victory. pass in between two mountains
●
Themistocles urged Athens to ●
The Persians overtake them,
build a navy to protect their however it bought the other city-
coasts. states time to build larger armies
Salamis Plataea

●
Athenian navy destroys Persian navy and claims victory for the ●
A few months later they formed the largest Greek army up to
war. that time and defeated the Persian Army.
Persian Wars: Largest
empire in the world vs.
small city-states of Greece
 Age of Pericles
 Following the Persian Wars,
Athens dominated Greece
and was at the height of its
power.
 Delian League: alliance between
Greek city-states formed as a
result of the Persian Wars to
protect against future attacks
 Pericles established a direct
democracy in Athens.
 Citizens vote on issues not
for representatives.
 Sparta and Athens, former
allies against Persia turn on
each other in the
Peloponnesian War
 Sparta allies with Peloponnesian War
Persia and crushes
Athens
 Spartan victory hurts
democracy and ends
Athenian Greatness
 Sparta was defeated
by Thebes
 Results:
 Weakened Greek
city-states invaded
by the Macedonians.
 Philip of Macedon and
his son Alexander the
Great come to power.
Early Greece Quiz
1. Blind poet credited with creating the Iliad and Odyssey…
2. Where did the Greeks build their temples?
3. How is an oligarchy different from a democracy?
4. Why do we call long races Marathons today?
5. What feature of the geography of Greece made it difficult
to unify?
6. What was the first Greek state called established by the
Indo-Europeans?
7. _________ boys were trained to be soldiers from the age of
7.
8. Which city-state was known for philosophy and education?
9. Who took credit for winning the Persian Wars?
10. What was the result of the Peloponnesian War?
Geography of Early Greece: Use Chapter 4
Cities ● ● = city ^^^ = Mountains Regions
Athens Color all bodies of water Blue Ionia – Red
Sparta Shade regions the color indicated Macedonia
Byzantium – Green
Thebes Greece –
Delphi Yellow
Troy Crete –
Mycenae Pink
Knossos Asia Minor
Bodies of - Purple
Water Battle
Aegean Sea Locations *
Black Sea Thermopyl
 Mediterran ae
ean Sea Marathon
Salamis
 The Culture of Classical
Greece
Essential Question: How do the achievements of Classical
Greece influence Western art and thought today?

Chapter 4 Section 4
Pages 127-133
 Religion:
Copy on Notebook Paper
Affected every area of life
It was necessary to the well-
being of the state
There were twelve chief gods
and goddesses that were
thought to live on Mt.
Olympus
Define rituals:
Who was worshiped at
Olympia? Delphi?
Gods and Goddesses: DO NOT COPY!!! What do
you notice about this family tree?
 Classical Greece: Draw a chart like this one
on notebook paper and fill in the information
for each box found on the next few slides.
Art and Architecture History

Philosophy Drama
Art and Architecture
Based on reason and harmony
Often found on pottery
Lifelike statues of nude males were common
Sculptors achieved a standard of ideal beauty
Temples are best examples of architecture
Parthenon the most famous temple built to honor
Athena at the acropolis in Athens
Art and Architecture
History
Herodotus, the father of history,
wrote about the Persian Wars from
the point of view of the Greeks.
Included the role of the gods and
goddesses but did not show the Persian
point of view so he was biased.
Thucydides, non-biased (meaning
he told both sides of the story), wrote
about the Peloponnesian Wars and
tried to show both sides of the conflict.
He emphasized the accuracy of facts
not the gods and goddesses.
Philosophy
Pythagoras: Mathematician that calculated the
sides of a right triangle.
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are perhaps the
most famous Greek philosophers
Socrates: Socratic method of examining things through
critical questioning, “The unexamined life is not worth
living.”
 Plato: Wrote the Republic
Aristotle: Alexander’s teacher, thought government
needed strong and virtuous leader
Copy and Answer the following questions. Click on the video to start.
1. When was Plato’s Republic written?
2. The Parthenon in Athens was an achievement of the first 5. T or F? Socrates said
____________. “The unexamined life
3. Which war between Sparta and Athens took place during is not worth living” at
Plato’s life? his trial in 399 BC.
4. Plato wrote a series of imaginary conversations between 6. In the Allegory of the
Socrates and his countrymen entitled ___________. cave, the prisoners in
the cave can only see
____________.
7. How do the other
prisoners react when
one prisoner breaks
loose in the cave?
8. How did Socrates
influence the
psychology of Sigmund
Freud?
9. Plato’s writing inspired
which of Sir Thomas
More’s books?
10. Where are the ideas in
Plato’s republic found
in The Wizard of Oz?
 Drama
Amphitheater see
page 129

Greeks created drama as it is known today in

Western culture including the following two types:
Tragedy = plays about human suffering
Sophocles: Oedipus Rex (watch the
video on the next slide and describe the
story here)
Story about a man doomed to kill his
father and marry his mother
Comedy = plays that mocked society and
government
Oedipus Rex: Click her fact to watch video.
 Alexander and the
Hellenistic World
Essential Questions:
1. Who was Alexander the Great and what was his greatest
achievement?
2. Compare and contrast the similarities and differences
between art and drama of the Classical and Hellenistic
Eras
 Following the Peloponnesian
Macedonia: War, the city-states of Greece
were weakened.
Copy on  For 66 yrs. Sparta, Athens, and
Thebes struggled to dominate
Notebook paper Greek affairs and Macedonia
Philip lost his right eye was ignored.
in battle. In 359 BC Philip II of
Macedonia came to the throne
and by 338 BC he had gained
control of all of Greece.
BATTLE OF CHAERONEA
Philip decided to invade Asia in
a war with Persia
 He insisted that the Greek
states for a league and
cooperate with him in a war
against Persia
BUT died before he could
complete this task.
Alexander the Great: Copy on
Notebook Paper
Alexander was the son of Philip
II.
He established an empire that
extended from Greece to Egypt
and India.
Alexander’s most lasting
achievement was the spread of
Greek culture.
Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum,
and Egypt were the four
kingdoms that emerged
following Alexander’s death.
Hellenistic

Era: Copy on Notebook Paper
Alexander’s conquests created the Hellenistic Era,
an age that saw the expansion of the Greek
language and ideas to the non-Greek World
Hellenistic means “to imitate Greeks”
Alexandria was the center of the Hellenistic world.

The lighthouse at
Alexandria was
one of the
ancient wonders
of the world.
It had more than
500,000 scrolls.
 Accomplishments of the
Hellenistic Era
Use this to help with key
terms and summarizing
information on 4:5 worksheet

Math Science Philosophy

Euclid Sun is the Earth was Epicureans Stoics believed

Archimedes
center of the round and believed in in living in
wrote the established
universe and calculated its happiness harmony with
Elements the value of pi through pleasure
Earth orbits circumference the will of God
Hellenistic Philosophy: Copy on Notebook
Paper
Epicureans believed that the way to achieve
happiness was the pursuit of pleasure, the only
true good.
To achieve pleasure, people had to free themselves
from emotional turmoil and worry
Stoics believed that happiness cold only be found
when people gained inner peace by living in
harmony with the will of God.
Stoics did not believe in the need to separate
themselves from the world and politics.
Art and Drama: Use this to complete the Compare and
Contrast chart on 4:5 Worksheet
Compare and contrast achievements in art and
drama between the Classical and Hellenistic eras.

Most Drawings on pottery, Baths, Library and Lighthouse of

Parthenon at Athens’ Alexandria
Acropolis
Statues (nude males), Achieved emotional and more
Classical art never Temples, amphitheatres realistic art
achieved realism but was and drawings
idealistic
Athens the center of Epicureanism= happiness through
Socrates= SM, Plato= philosophy pleasure, Stoicism= happiness
Republic and reality, through harmony with the will of
Aristotle=school, politics, God
philosopher king is best
Alexandria
Trivial Pursuit Ancient Greece: Fourth
Period finish the game you started using sections 1-2. Second
Period create a game using information from sections 3-5 of
chapter 4
Work with your group to design a game for another group to
play
Games should involve students looking at images or
hearing/reading descriptions of a people, places, achievements,
and events in Classical and Hellenistic Greece.
You may also throw in certain names or vocabulary words that you
came across in Chapter 4 Sections 3-5 to make the game more
difficult.
Your game must include the following:
Question cards (each with only one clue) and a hidden answer key
Game board
Rules (especially how to keep score)