Introduction to 5G_Part-1

Department Author Reviewed Approved

5G Overview Ajay Sharma

& Sreenivasan
Ram
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Agenda
 5GOverview Part-1
 LTEStandard Evolution
 Spectrum Challenges
 5G Roadmap
 3GPP38.913 5G KPIRequirements
 5G Power Consumption
 5GArchitecture
 Network SlicingArchitecture
 Non-roaming reference architecture
 5GArchitecture Options
 New Architecture Overview: CUPS
 Network Function- Functional description
 Network Interfaces
 NG User Plane
 NG Control Plane

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Agenda
 Radio ProtocolArchitecture Part-2
 Protocol Stack
 Downlink Layer 2 Structure: DL/
 NRFeatures
 Carrier Aggregation and Dual Connectivity
 Dual Connectivity Architecture Scenarios
 Supplementary Uplink /BandwidthAdaptation
 Radio Resource Control-RRC
 Protocol States
 System Information Handling
 NGIdentities
 Beamforming
 mmWave: Hybrid Beamforming;Channel Coding: LDPCvs. Turbo
 NRAir-Interface
 5G Numerology
 Radio Frame Structure
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5G: A Unifying Connectivityfabric

3
5G Deployments Worldwide
JAPAN: 5G NTT DoCoMo plan to use 5G technology at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic
and Paralympic Games.
Korea : 5G SKTand 5G Korea Telecom planning to use 5G during 2018 Winter
Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea.
USA: 5G Verizon – some level of commercial deployment in 2017
Russia : 5G MegaFon plan to start in Russia for WorldCup 2018.
Sweden : 5G TeliaSonera plan for Stockholm & Tallinn in2018
Australia : 5G Telstra is planning for 2018 Commonwealth Games.

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5G Power Consumption

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Key 5G Parameters

6
LTE StandardEvolution

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5G Roadmap
North stream view on the expected 5G roadmap: mass adoption after 2023

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Potential 5G use cases

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5G Service Vision

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Spectrum Challenges
5G wireless networks expected to use unused, high frequency mm-wave band, ranging
from 3-300 Ghz.
“Beachfront Spectrum” Current Wireless Mobile
Communication
Oxygen Absorption Band Water Vapor Absorption Band

54Ghz 99Ghz 99Ghz

3Ghz (57-64)Ghz (164-200)Ghz

Available 252 Ghz of Potential Bandwidth In HugeChunks

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Key 5G Elements

12
Triangle Scenarios- 5G
eMBB(Enhanced Mobile Broadband)
• Low Latency
• Higher Spectral Efficiency/Throughput

eMBB

mMTC URLLC

mMTC(massive Machine Type Communications) URLLC(Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications)

• Improved link budget • High Reliability(Low Packet Error Rate)
• Low Device Complexity • Low Latency
• Long Device Battery Life
• High Density Device Deployment

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Can 1ms Latency be achieved

Content served from a physical position very

close to the user’s device.
Require a substantial uplift in CAPEXspent
on infrastructure for content distribution
and servers

14
5G Performance vs LTE-Advanced

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5G Architecture

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Definitions
5G Access Network: An access network comprising a NG-RAN and/or non-3GPP AN
connecting to a 5G CoreNetwork.
5G Core Network: The core network ,It connects to a 5GAccessNetwork.
5G System: 3GPPsystem consisting of 5GAccess Network (AN), 5G Core Network and
UE.
New Radio (NR): Base stations (gNB) which shall have capability to interface with 5G
Core named as NG-CN over NG-C/U
eLTE eNB: evolved eNodeB that can support connectivity to EPCas well as NG-CN
Network Slice: A logical network that provides specific network capabilities and
network characteristics.
Network Slice instance: A set of Network Function instances and the required
resources (e.g. compute, storage and networking resources) which form a deployed
Network Slice.

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Definitions
NG-RAN: Aradio access network that supports one or more of the following options
with the common characteristics that it connects to 5GC:
 Standalone New Radio.
 New Radio is the anchor with E-UTRAextensions.
 Standalone E-UTRA.
 E-UTRAis the anchor with New Radio extensions.
AMF Set: An AMF Set consists of some AMFs that serve a given area and Network Slice.
Multiple AMF Sets may be defined per AMF Region and Network Slice(s).
AMF Region: An AMF Region consists of one or multiple AMFSets
Allowed NSSAI: NSSAI provided by the Serving PLMN during e.g. a registration
procedure, indicating the S-NSSAIs values to be used by the UEin the Serving PLMN for
the current registration area.
Requested NSSAI: NSSAI provided by the UEto the Serving PLMN duringregistration.

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Network Slicing Architecture
Radio Resource Allocation
Virtualized Core Network
across Slice, Each with
Function Support EachSlice
Specific QoS Characteristics
Devices Access Specific CoreNetwork
Radio Access Network
Slice(S)

Device A RadioAccess CoreNetwork

(Smartphone) N/W Slice1 Slice 1

Device B RadioAccess Core Network External

(Vehicle) N/W Slice2 Slice 2 Networks

RadioAccess CoreNetwork
Device C
N/W SliceN Slice N
(Sensor)

Device D RadioAccess CoreNetwork

(Medical) N/W SliceN+1 Slice N+1

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 Example of Network Slices

SMF NRF PCF DN1

CommonNFs
NSSF UPF
Slice 1
NRF
gNB
AMF SMF NRF PCF
DN2
UPF
UE Slice 2

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5G Architecture
Architecture reference model can be represent in two ways
 Service-based representation
− where network functions (e.g. AMF) within the Control Plane enables other authorizednetwork
functions to access their services.
 Reference point representation
− It shows the interaction exist between the NFservices in the network functions described by point-to-
point reference point (e.g. N11) between any twonetwork functions (e.g. AMF and SMF).

Network Functions and entities

 Authentication Server Function (AUSF)
 Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)
 Data Network (DN), e.g. operator services, Internet access or 3rd party services
 Unstructured Data Storage Function (UDSF)
 Network Exposure Function (NEF)
 Authentication Server Function (AUSF)
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5G Architecture
Network Functions and entities
 NF Repository Function(NRF)
 Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF)
 Policy Control Function (PCF)
 Session Management Function (SMF)
 Unified Data Management (UDM)
 Unified Data Repository (UDR)
 User Plane Function (UPF)
 Application Function (AF)
 User Equipment (UE)
 (Radio) Access Network ((R)AN)
 5G-Equipment Identity Register (5G-EIR)
 Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP)

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Non-roaming reference architecture
Service-based representation (Service-based interfaces are used within the Control Plane)

NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF

Nnssf Nnef Nnrf Npcf Nudm Naf

Nausf Namf Nsmf

AUSF AMF SMF

N1 N2 N4

UE (R)AN N3 UPF N6 DN

5G system Architecture
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Non-roaming reference architecture
Reference point representation (Service-based interfaces are used within the Control Plane)

NSSF AUSF UDM

N22 N12 N8 N 10

AMF N11 SMF PCF AF

N7 N5

N14 N15

N4
N1 N2

UE (R)AN UPF N6
DN
N3

N9
5G system Architecture in reference point representation
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5G Architecture Options: Option 2
Option 2:
 gNB is connected to the NGC.

NGC

NG-C NG-U

gNB

Option 2

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5G Architecture Options: Option 3/3A
Option 3/3A:
 the LTEeNB is connected to the EPCwith Non-standaloneNR.
 The NRuser plane connection to the EPCgoes via the LTEeNB (Option 3) or directly (Option
3A).

EPC EPC

S1-C S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U

LTEeNB gNB LTEeNB gNB

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5G Architecture Options: Option 4/4A
Option 4/4A:
 gNB is connected to the NGCwith Non-standalone E-UTRA.
 E-UTRAuser plane connection to the NGCgoes via the gNB (Option 4) or directly (Option 4A).

NGC NGC

NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U

eLTEeNB gNB eLTEeNB gNB

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5G Architecture Options: Option 5
Option 5:
 eLTEeNB is connected to the NGC.

NGC

NG-C NG-U

eLTEeNB

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5G Architecture Options: Option 7/7A
Option 7/7A:
 eLTEeNB is connected to the NGCwith Non-standalone NR.
 The NRuser plane connection to the NGCgoes via the eLTEeNB (Option 7) or directly (Option
7A).

NGC NGC

NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U

eLTEeNB gNB eLTEeNB gNB

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New Architecture Overview: CUPS
SGSN-C 3GGP
S2a-C
AAAHSS
ePDG-C S2b-C
S6b
PCRF
SaMOG-C Gx OCS
MME S11 Gy
Gn-C
Gz/Bp CG/BS
SGSN-C SGW-C S5-C/S8-C
PGW-C
S4-C
Sxa Sxb
SGSN-U S4-U
S5-U/S8-U SGi Operator
SGW-U PGW-U Services
E- S1-U
Gn-U
UTRAN
SGSN-U
RNC S12

ePDG-U S2b-U
S2a-U
SaMOG-U Control and User Plane Separation of EPC (CUPS)
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 5G Core Architecture Overview: Changes and Improvements compared to 4G
P
S1-MME MME S6a
HSS Authentication Server Function
EPC Today
C
R
Policy Control
F
(AUSF) and User Data Function (PCF)
S11 Management (UDM)
Gx
P
AUSF UDM PCF C
S-GW P-GW HSS/ R
S1-U S5 SGi
Mapping AAA F
N7
the EPC N12 N8 N10
functionsto
new 5G CN Access & Mobility SessionManagement
P
S1-MME MME S6a C functions Management Function (SMF)
HSS R Function
F
AMF MME SA
S11 SMF MME
E
Gx
N4 GW
S-GW P-GW N15
CP CP
User Plane Function
N3 N6
(UPF)
SA

S1-U
S-GW P-GW SGi
After CUPS UPF
E
UP UP GW
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Network Function- Functional description

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Overall Architecture
An NG-RAN node is either:
 New Radio (NR) Base stations (gNB) which shall have capability to interface with 5G Core named as NG-CN over NG-C/U
 An eLTE eNB is evolved eNodeB that can support connectivity to EPCas well asNG-CN

AMF/UPF AMF/UPF
5GC

NG NG
NG NG
NG NG NG NG

Xn
gNB gNB NG-RAN
Xn
Xn

5GC: 5GCore
NG-RAN: Next Generation RAN
Xn NG: Between gNBs/eLTE-eNB and
Xn
5GC
eLTE-eNB eLTE-eNB
Xn Xn: Between two gNBs & eLTE-eNB
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gNB
The gNB hosts the following functions:
 Functions for Radio Resource Management: Radio Bearer Control, Radio Admission Control,
Connection Mobility Control, Dynamic allocation of resources to UEsin both uplink and
downlink (scheduling);
 IP header compression, encryption and integrity protection of data;
 Selection of an AMF at UEattachment when no routing to an AMF can be determined from the
information provided by the UE;
 Routing of User Plane data towards UPF(s); AMF/UPF

 Routing of Control Plane information towards AMF;

 Connection setup and release; NG
 Scheduling and transmission of pagingmessages;
 Scheduling and transmission of system broadcastinformation
gNB
(originated from the AMF or O&M);

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gNB
 Measurement and measurement reporting configuration for
mobility and scheduling;
 Transport level packet marking in the uplink;
 Session Management;
 Support of Network Slicing;
 QoS Flow management and mapping to data radio bearers;
 Support of UEs in RRC_INACTIVEstate;
 Distribution function for NASmessages;
 Radio access network sharing;
 Dual Connectivity;
 Tight interworking between NRandE-UTRA.

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AMF: Access and Mobility Management function
The AMF hosts the following main functions -
 NASsignallingtermination;
 NASsignallingsecurity;
 ASSecurity control;
 Inter CNnode signalling for mobility between 3GPPaccess NW;
 Idle mode UEReachability (including control and execution of
paging retransmission);
 Registration Area management;
 Support of intra-system and inter-system mobility;
 AccessAuthentication;
 Access Authorization including check of roaming rights;
 Mobility management control (subscription andpolicies);
 Support of Network Slicing;
 SMF selection.

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UPF: User Planefunction
The UPF hosts the following main functions :
 Anchor point for Intra-/Inter-RAT mobility(when applicable);
 External PDU session point of interconnect to DataNetwork;
 Packet routing & forwarding;
 Packet inspection and User plane part of Policy rule enforcement;
 Traffic usage reporting;
 Uplink classifier to support routing traffic flows to a data NW;
 Branching point to support multi-homed PDUsession;
 QoS handling for user plane, e.g. packet filtering, gating, UL/DL
rate enforcement;
 Uplink Traffic verification (SDFto QoS flow mapping);
 Downlink packet buffering and downlink datanotification
triggering.

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SMF: Session Management function
The Session Management function (SMF) hosts the following main functions
 Session Management;
 UEIP address allocation and management;
 Selection and control of UPfunction;
 Configures traffic steering at UPFto route traffic to proper
destination;
 Control part of policy enforcement andQoS;
 Downlink Data Notification.

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Functional Split between NG-RAN and 5GC
gNB or ng-eNB
AMF SMF
Inter Cell RRM
NASSecurity UEIPAddressAllocation
RBControl
Idle State Mobility Handling PDU SessionControl
Connection Mobility Control

Radio Admission Control UPF

Measurement Configuration Mobility Anchoring
& Provision
Dynamic Resource Allocation PDUHandling
(Scheduler)
Internet

NG-RAN 5GC
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 Example of Network Slices

SMF NRF PCF DN1

CommonNFs
NSSF UPF
Slice 1
NRF
gNB
AMF SMF NRF PCF
DN2
UPF
UE Slice 2

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Network Interfaces

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Network Interfaces
NGInterface
 NG User Plane
 NG Control Plane User Plane PDU

NG UserPlane
 The NG user plane interface (NG-U) is defined between the NG-
RAN node and theUPF.
 The transport network layer is built on IP transport and GTP-U is GTP-U
used on top of UDP/IP to carry the user plane PDUs between the
NG-RAN node and the UPF UDP
 NG-U provides non-guaranteed delivery of user planePDUs
between the NG-RAN node and the UPF IP
U
P Data Link Layer
F
NG-U Physical Layer
A
M
NG-C F NG-U ProtocolStack
gNB
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Network Interfaces
NG ControlPlane
 The NG control plane interface (NG-C) is defined between the NG-
RAN node and theAMF
 The transport network layer is built on IP transport. For the
reliable transport of signalling messages, SCTPis added on topof NG-AP
IP.
 The application layer signalling protocol is referred to as NGAP
(NG Application Protocol).
 The SCTPlayer provides guaranteed delivery of applicationlayer
SCTP
messages.
 In the transport, IP layer point-to-pointtransmission is used to IP
deliver the signalling PDUs.
A Data Link Layer
M
F Physical Layer
NG-C
U
P
NG-U NG-C Protocol Stack
gNB F
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NG Control Plane
NG-C provides the followingfunctions:
 Interface management:
− The functionality to manage the NG-Cinterface
NG-AP
 UEcontext management:
− The functionality to manage the UEcontext between the New RAN
and CN;
 UEmobility management:
SCTP
− The functionality to manage the UEmobility for connectedmode
between the New RAN and CN;
IP
 Transport of NASmessages;
 Paging; Data Link Layer
 PDU SessionManagement;
Physical Layer
 Configuration Transfer:
− to transfer the New RAN configuration information (e.g.transport
layer addresses for establishment of Xn interface) between two NG-C Protocol Stack
New RAN nodes via the NGC
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Xn Interface
Xn User Plane
 The Xn User plane (Xn-U) interface is defined between
User Plane PDU
two NG-RANnodes.
 The transport network layer is built on IP transport and
GTP-U is used on top of UDP/IP to carry the user plane
PDUs.
GTP-U
 Xn-U provides non-guaranteed delivery of user plane
PDUs and supports the followingfunctions: UDP
− Data forwarding;
− Flow control IP

Data Link Layer

Physical Layer

Xn-U Protocol Stack

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Xn Interface
Xn Control Plane
 The Xn control plane interface (Xn-C) is defined between two NG-
RAN nodes.
 The transport network layer is built on SCTPon top of IP. Xn-AP
 The application layer signalling protocol is referred to as XnAP (Xn
Application Protocol).
 The SCTPlayer provides the guaranteed delivery of application
layer messages.
SCTP
 In the transport IP layer point-to-point transmissionis used to
deliver the signalling PDUs.
IP

The Xn-C interface supports the following functions: Data Link Layer
 Xn interface management;
 UEmobility management, including context transfer andRAN Physical Layer
paging:
 Dual connectivity.
Xn-C Protocol Stack

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 Thanks

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