EnGiNe SyStEmS

By : Shahzaib (12ME03)
Mechanical Engg: Department
MUET Jamshoro.

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 Engine Systems

•The Engine systems enable the engine to start &

continue to operate.

•There are many Engine systems but some of

them that are important, are discussed…

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 Names of those Engine systems are as follows

1) Starting system

2) Fuel system

3) Ignition system

4) Cooling system

5) Lubricating system

6) Intake & Exhaust system

7) Charging system
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To start the engine (i-e to generate the initial torque in the

crankshaft ) some power is required . The starter is used to

do so . It consists of an electric motor & a drive . The drive

has a small pinion that meshes with the ring gear on the flywheel.

The battery supplies the electrical energy to operate the starter

& rotate the engine until it fires & runs on it own.

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Diagram showing the Starting system.

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There are 4 basic types of fuel systems

1. Carburetor systems for petrol engines

2. Fuel injection systems for petrol engines

3. Gas fuel systems ( LPG or NGV )

4. Diesel injection systems

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All these systems operate in different ways , but

they all have somewhere to store fuel ( a fuel tank

or a cylinder ) & a way of supplying the engine with

the fuel . They also have a way of mixing air & fuel

in the correct proportion so that it can be burnt

properly in the combustion chamber.

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Ignition system consists of a spark plug that fires the charges

in the combustion chambers of Petrol & Gas engines as they

require sparks to initiate the combustion.

The battery is supplying energy for the ignition system.

In case of Diesel engine , combustion occurs when the diesel

is sprayed into the combustion chamber where air is present

that is already compressed high enough to ignite the fuel

that is sprayed from the injector.

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The cooling system maintains the engine at a desirable operating temp:

& removes the heat that can cause damage to the engine parts , this is

done by circulating coolant through the water-jackets in case of water

cooled engines ( indirect cooling ) while in case of Air-cooled engines ( or

direct cooling ) , it is done by blowing the air over cooling fins into the

engine.

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Cooling System

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The lubricating system reduces the friction & prevents wear & damage.

A quantity of oil is held in in the oil pan . From this oil is taken by the oil

pump & circulated throughout the engine before returning again to the

oil pan . The oil lubricates all the moving parts of the engine.

This system consists of an oil pump , a relief valve , a filter , pipes ,

passages & drillings through which oil can flow.

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By this system the fresh charge is taken into the cylinder during suction

Stroke & after combustion the exhaust gases are removed from the

cylinder . It involves the components like carburetor , intake manifold ,

Intake valves for insertion of the fresh air-fuel mixture & to remove the

Exhaust gases from the cylinder into the atmosphere , it involves the

components like exhaust valves , exhaust manifold , exhaust pipes , etc.

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This system uses an alternator , which is driven from the engine ,

converts mechanical energy into electrical energy .

The battery supplies energy for the starter , the ignition system , and

the electric fuel pump during the starting period ( petrol engine) , but

once the engine is running , the alternator supplies all the electrical

energy . It also recharges the battery to regain the energy used during

starting.

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