Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(TOS)
• A two way chart that relates the
learning outcomes to the course
content
• It enables the teacher to prepare a
test containing a representative
sample of student behavior in each of
the areas tested.
Tips in Preparing the Table
of Specifications (TOS)
• Don’t make it overly detailed.
• It's best to identify major ideas and skills
rather than specific details.
• Use a cognitive taxonomy that is most
appropriate to your discipline, including
non-specific skills like communication skills
or graphic skills or computational skills if
such are important to your evaluation of
the answer.
Tips in Preparing the Table
of Specifications (TOS)
• Weigh the appropriateness of the
distribution of checks against the students'
level, the importance of the test, the
amount of time available.
• MATCH the question level appropriate to
the level of thinking skills
Examples of Student Activities and
Verbs for Bloom’s Cognitive Levels
Table 2.1 in Jacobs & Chase (1992:19)
Bloom’s Cognitive Level Student Activity Words to Use in Item Stem