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A SEMINAR

ON

USE OF COCONUT SHELL


AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT
FOR
AGGREGATE IN
PRESENTED BY : CONCRETE
MR.ADITYA PATIL

UNDER GUIDANCE:
PROF. MANJAREKAR A.S

1
OUTLINE

 INTRODUCTION
 OVERVIEW
 TEST CONDITIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 TEST RESULTS
 CONCLUSION

2
INTRODUCTION - WORLD

29.84
Philippines
25.48
Indonesia
India
21 Srilanka
Others
3.98
19.7

Coconut Production in the World- Country wise


(Values in percentage)
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

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INTRODUCTION - INDIA

8%
6% KER

12% TN
45%
KAR

AP

Others

29%

Coconut Production in INDIA - State wise


(Values in Percentage)
Source: Coconut Development Board, Kerala

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INTRODUCTION

• Solid waste management issues;

• Utilization of Coconut Shell (CS) in cost effective


construction;

• Sustainable development – preservation & economy;

• Light weight structures;

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MATERIALS

Crushed granite stone


River sand 20 mm
Cement OPC 53 grade

Coconut shell aggregate


8mm to 16mm size Potable drinking water
(From local homes, hostels,..)
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METHEDOLOGY ADOPTED
Determination of engineering
properties of CS

Determination of properties of
conventional aggregates

Casting M20 mix concrete

Testing, Analysis & Results

Documentation

Conclusion

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OVERVIEW

To evaluate the engineering properties of


coconut shell aggregate.

To compare the properties of coconut shell


aggregate with conventional aggregate.

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PROPERTIES TESTED

Specific gravity
Void ratio
Bulk density
Porosity
Aggregate impact value
Aggregate crushing value
Abrasion value
Fineness modulus
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PROPERTIES AT A GLANCE
Convention Coconut
Tests Sand
al aggregate shell aggregate

Max size 20 16 4.75


Specific gravity 2.82 1.29 1.1
Bulk density(kg/l) 1.51 0.681
Void ratio 0.866 0.894
Porosity (%) 46.4 47.2
Aggregate abrasion value 27 4.66 -
Impact value of aggregate (%) 21.114 5.51 -
Aggregate crushing value (%) 2.6 5.28 -

Fineness modulus 0.915 1.415 2.83

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COCONUT SHELL AGGREGATE
CONCRETE

To find the optimum replacement


of coconut shell

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MIX DESIGN

Mass of cement (in kg/m3) 383


Mass of water (in kg/m3) 191.6
Mass of fine aggregate (in kg/m3) 626.36
Mass of coarse aggregate (in kg/m3) 1200.8

Mix ratio 1: 1.635: 3.135

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CURING

Temperatures : 27°C ±7°C

W/C Ratio : 0.5

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Experimental procedure
 Compressive strength

 Split tensile strength

 Flexural strength

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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Ultimate strength = P/A

Factors affecting,
Water cement ratio
Aggregate cement ratio
Aggregate grade and maximum
size of aggregate
Compaction
Curing
Age of concrete
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FLEXURAL STRENGTH
PL
Modulus of rupture, fct = 2……………… (1)
bd

3Pa
fct = ……………… (2)
b

If a > 200, eqn 1

If 170 < a < 200, eqn 2


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SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

Circular disc subjected to compression load


diametrically

2P
F=
𝜋DL
Where,
L = Length of cylinder
D = Diameter of cylinder
P = Maximum load
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18
TEST RESULTS
0% Replacement
Cement content : 383 kg/m3
Water cement ratio : 0.5
7 days 28 days
Properties 1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)

Compressive 18.03 17.99 18.01 26.2 26.6 26.4


strength
2.85 2.79 2.82
Split tensile 1.424 1.44 1.432
strength
3.25 3.09 3.17
Flexural strength 2.02 2.08 2.05

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5% Replacement
Cement content : 384.17 kg/m3
Water cement ratio : 0.5
7 days 28 days

Properties 1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean


(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)

Compressive 17.82 17.99 17.90 24.06 24.18 24.12


strength

Split tensile 1.12 0.98 1.050 2.64 2.256 2.448


strength

Flexural strength 2.17 1.79 1.981 2.015 2.551 2.283

20
15% replacement
Cement content: 387.34kg/m3
Water cement ratio: 0.5
7 days 28 days
Mean Mean
Properties
1 2 (N/mm2) 1 2 (N/mm2)

Compressive
17.9 17.5 17.7 24.87 24.35 24.61
strength
Split tensile
1.38 1.27 1.32 2.61 2.53 2.57
strength
Flexural
1.984 1.69 1.837 2.99 2.79 2.89
strength
21
25%replacement
Cement content: 390.50kg/m3
Water cement ratio: 0.5

7 days 28 days
Properties 1 2 Mean 1 2 Mean
Compressive
12.03 11.87 11.95 21.18 20.54 20.86
strength

Split tensile strength 0.89 1.14 1.015 2.42 2.48 2.45

Flexural strength 1.57 1.69 1.63

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CONCLUSION

The optimum replacement is obtained as 15%

Can be used as coarse aggregate in the


production of lightweight concrete

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REFERENCES
1. E. A. Olanipekun, K. O. Olusola ,and O. Atia, “Comparative study between palm
kernel shell and coconut shell as coarse aggregate”, Journal of Engineering and
Applied Science, Asian Research Publishing Network. Japan, 2005.
2. U. O. Kabiru, and A. Saleh, “Exploratory study of coconut shell as coarse
aggregate in concrete”, Journal of engineering and applied sciences, Vol. 2,
December 2010.
3. K. Gunasekaran, and P. S. Kumar, “Lightweight Concrete using Coconut Shells as
Aggregate”, Proceedings, International Conference on "Innovations in Building
Materials, Structural Designs and Construction Practices (IBMSDCP-2008), 15-17
May 2008, pp.375-382.
4. K. Gunasekaran, “Utilization of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate in the
Development of Lightweight Concrete”, PhD Thesis, Department of Civil
Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 2011.
5. C. B. Gopal, and K. B. Ranjan, “Effect of Coconut Shell Aggregate on Normal
Strength Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology,
Vol. 2 Issue 6, June – 2013, pp: 2405 -2415.
6. Y. Amarnath, and C. Ramachandrudu, “Properties of Concrete with Coconut Shells
as Aggregate Replacement”, International Journal of Engineering Inventions,
Volume 1, Issue 6 (October 2012), pp: 21-31.
7. U. Johnson Alengaram, Baig Abdullah Al Muhit, and Mohd Zamin bin Jumaat,
“Utilization of oil palm kernel shell as lightweight aggregate in concrete”,
Construction and Building Materials, Volume 38, January 2013, Pages 161-172.

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