PROGRAMMABLE

LOGICAL CONTROLLER
SEMINAR

By: Hitesh kumar Verma

 Agenda
• Review brief history of PLCs and
manufacturing control systems
• Introduce the concepts of discrete control of
manufacturing
• Review the various kinds of instrumentation
used for control.
• Overview ladder logic programming
 PURPOSE OF Programmable
Logic Controllers (PLCs)
• Initially designed to replace relay logic
boards
– Sequence device actuation
– Coordinate activities
• Accepts input from a series of switches
• Sends output to devices or relays
 PLC
Input
CPU Input
Module
Flag
System
Output
Output Module
User Ladder
Diagram

Working
memory
registers
 PLC
Configuration
 COUNTE
R
Digital counters output in the form of a relay contact when a
preassigned count value is reached.
input
Register 5

Accumulator
reset

contact

output

Input

Reset

Output

Count 0 12 3 4 5 0 1
 TIME
A timer consists of an internal clock, a count value register, and
an accumulator. It is used forRor some timing purpose.

Clock

Accumulator
reset

Register

Clock
contact
Contact
Reset
output

Output

Count 0 1 2 3 4 5

Time 5 seconds.
 AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY
seconds after a part touches a limitLOGIC
For process control, it is desired to have the process start (by turning on a motor) five
switch. The process is terminated automatically
when the finished part touches a second limit switch. An emergency switch will stop
the process any time when it is pushed.
L1
LS1 PB1 LS2 R1

R1

TIMER R2
R1 PB1
LS1 LS2

PR=5

TIMER

5
Motor
R2

R1
 PLC
Programmable ARCHITECTURE
controllers replace most of the relay panel wiring
by software programming.

PC
Program
Loader
Switches

Printer
I/O
Processor
Modules Machines
Cassette
Loader
Power
EPROM Memory Supply
Loader

Peripherals External Devices

A typical PLC
 LADDER
A ladder diagram (also called contact symbology) is a means of
DIAGRAM
graphically representing the logic required in a relay logic
system.

Rail
start emergency stop
PB1 PB2
R1

Rung R1

R1
A
 Programming a PLC
Oil is consumed
randomly. The
tank needs to be
refilled by turning
on a pump. Two
hydrostatic
switches are used
to detect a high
and low level.
Ladder Logic for Tank
Logic for Ladder Solution
How does it work?
EXAMPLE 2 TRAFFIC LIGHTS
Main street

Jefferson street

Cycle time

Street Red Yellow Green

Main 3 1 4
Jefferson 5 1 2
 WIRING
input
DIAGRAM output

64 Jefferson Red

65 Jefferson Yellow
Programmable
Controller
66 Jefferson Green

67 Main Red

70 Main Yellow

71 Main Green
 PROGRAM 901

(1)
RUNG1 RTO
80
901 901
RUNG2 RST
901 902
RUNG3 67 M. Red

902
RUNG4 67
RTO
30
RUNG5 901 902
RST
901 903
RUNG6 66 J. Green

903
RUNG7 66
RTO
901 903 20
RUNG8 RST
902 904 M. Green
RUNG9 71

904
71
RUNG10 RTO
901 904 40
RUNG11 RST
904 905
RUNG12 70 M. Yellow
 PROGRAM
(2) 905
70
RUNG13 RTO
901 905 10
RUNG14 RST
903 906
RUNG15 65 J. Yellow

906
65
RUNG16 RTO
901 906 10
RUNG17 RST
902 907
RUNG18 64 J. Red

907
RUNG19 64
RTO
901 907 50
RUNG 20 RST