VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT

ON
“TRANSFORMER”

PRESENTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

AYUSH AGRAWAL Dr. SHEFALI JAIN
0133EX151013
 INDEX
• BHEL OVERVIEW
• INTRODUCTION OF TRANSFORMERS
• PRINCIPAL OF TRANSFORMER
• CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
• TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS
• BASIC OPERATION OF TRANSFORMER
TRANSFORMER
 INTRODUCTION
• a transformer is a static device
• A word transformer comes from the transform
• Transformer is not a energy conversion device
but it is a device that changes AC electrical of one
voltage into AC electrical power of another
voltage through action of magnetic field
• It can either be step-up or step down
 PRINCIPLE OF TRANSFORMER
 The main principle of operation of a transformer is
mutual inductance between two circuits that which
is linked by the common magnetic flux.
 The basic transformer consists of two coils that are
electrically separated and inductive, but are
magnetically linked through a path of reluctance.
 Transformation Ratio
Basic Transformer operation can be described by two
formulae relating the transformation ratio to the turns
ratio of the transformer windings.
VP = the primary voltage.
IP = the primary current.
VS = the secondary voltage.
IS = the secondary current.
NP = the number of turns in the primary winding.
NS = the number of turns in the secondary winding.
 CONSTRUCTIONS
• Two coils having mutual inductance and laminated
steel core
• Two coils are insulated from each other also from
steel core
• Suitable container to assemble core and windings
• Core is made up of transformer steel
• Steel should have high permeability, high silicon
content and low hysteresis loss
 TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
As per phase-
Single phase
Three phase
As per core-
Core type
Shell type
As per cooling system-
Self-cooled
Air-cooled
Oil-cooled
 TRANSFORMER LOSSES
1. Copper Losses-
These losses can also be called winding losses or I2R losses,
because they can occur in windings made from metals other than
copper.
2. Hysteresis losses-
These are physical changes within the core material and
take up some energy.
3. Eddy Current losses-
Because the iron or steel core is an electrical conductor
as well as a magnetic circuit, the changing current in the
primary will tend to set up an EMF within the core as
well as in the secondary winding.
 BASIC OPERATION OF
TRANSFORMER
When a transformer is loaded, the voltage induced in
the secondary winding coil drives a current into the
load. Also, the secondary current produces its own
magnetic field which is reducing (opposing) the
existing field, which is why the field in the primary is
reduced.
THANKYOU