F O R M AT I O N O F S O L I D WA S T E I N WAT E R T R E AT M E N T

A N D S E WA G E T R E AT M E N T P L A N T S A N D I T S
MANAGEMENT

Department of Civil Engineering

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SHIBPUR
Prepared by:
 Abhimanyu Bhattacharyya

 Sonu Kumar Sharma

 Suraj Saren

 Biman Rakshit

 Shwet Kamal

 Apratim Datta

 Debasish Chowdhury

 Saroj Kumar
Definition of solid waste

 Solid wastes are all the wastes

arising from human and animal
activities that are normally solid in
nature and that are discarded as
useless or unwanted.
TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

Municipal solid wastes

Industrial solid wastes
Hazardous solid wastes
The Solid waste generated from
water treatment plant
(Drinking water) and Sewage
treatment plant is categorized
under municipal solid wastes.
Why engineered solid waste
management of the waste
generated from treatment plants
is required ??.......
Continued…..

 Contains biohazardous materials

 Contains active chemical components
 Disposal in a non-engineered way leads
to environmental nuisance
How solid wastes are
generated in treatment
plants??.....
 FLOW CHART OF
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
THE UNITS WHERE SOLID WASTE IS
GENERATED……

• SCREENING
• SEDIMENTATION TANK
• FILTERS (RAPID SAND OR SLOW SAND)
• CLARIFLOCCULATORS (IF PRESENT)
FLOW CHART OF SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT
THE UNITS WHERE SOLID WASTE IS
GENERATED……

 SCREENING (Grinded into small pieces for ease in disposal)

 GRIT REMOVAL UNIT

 All the larger inorganic particles which are settleable.

 PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK (Maximum of inorganic matter

present in wastewater)

 SECONDARY SEDIMENTATON (Settlement of organic matter)

SLUDGE HANDLING

Now this sludge and solid waste

generated in the processes has to be
handled and treated properly before
disposal.
Sludge handling continued…..

LINK LINK
SLUDGE DISPOSAL
 The dried sludge obtained after sludge digestion may be used as fertilizer or manure for
agricultural purpose.

 As sludge digestion is an anaerobic process, several gases of decomposition are emitted

during the process. If 100 kg of raw sludge is digested, around 29.6 kg of methane is
formed by the help of methane forming bacteria.

 The dried sludge along with grinded grit and screened material is carried to the disposal
site using dumpers or trucks.

 In activated sludge process (ASP), sludge generated in SST is recirculated in aeration

tank for seeding purpose.
SLUDGE DISPOSAL continued….
 In drinking water treatment plant, sludge comprising of CaCO3 or Mg(OH)2 is used
during recarbonation process. The sediments of CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 react with
CO2 to form temporary hardness (carbonate) of calcium or magnesium.

 The sludge produced from drinking water treatment plant consists of various
inorganic chemical compounds. Therefore, if it is used for sanitary landfill purposes
proper sealant materials such as bitumen or asphalt has to be used to control
leachate (impure water) penetration into groundwater storage.

 The refuse material obtained in STP and WTP from screens and comminuters may
be carried to landfill sites or low lying areas and may be dumped in layers of about
1m thickness along with daily cover of good earth.
COMPOSTING

• The word compost means dead mass.

• Composting is biological disposal of refuse in which decomposition can be carried out
aerobically or anaerobically.
• The end product is termed as ‘COMPOST’.
• If composting is carried out aerobically then it’s called ‘INDORE PROCESS’.
• If composting is carried out anaerobically then it’s called ‘BANGALORE PROCESS’. In
this process foul gases are released.
• An optimum carbon to nitrogen ratio of about 30-50 is maintained during this process.
• It is ecologically most acceptable method of solid waste management.
References:
 Peavy R, Rowe DR, Tchobanoglous. Environmental Engineering. 1985.

 Eddy, Inc Staff Metcalf. "Wastewater engineering: Treatment disposal reuse." (1986).

 EPA (1979) Process Design Manual----- Sludge treatment and disposal. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.

 www.youtube.com

 en.wikipedia.org/wiki
THANK YOU….