TEAM:

UNIT 3
LEVEL3
PRESENT PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Present perfect progressive definition:

The present perfect progressive tense (also called the present
perfect continuous) is an English verb tense that is most often
used to express actions that began in the past and continue to
the present.

Here is a depiction of what the present perfect progressive tense

describes.
HERE ARE A FEW EXAMPLES

 The water has been running all day.

In this example, the running water is the action that started in the past. It
continues to the present because it is still running (nothing stopped it).

 I have been working on my essay all weekend.

In this example, I started working on my essay at some point in the past,

and my work continues to the present.
FORMING THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

The present perfect progressive verb tense is relatively easy to form because
its components remain fairly consistent.

To form the present perfect progressive:

Subject + has/have + been + present participle (and “ ing” to end of the verb)
EXAMPLES OF PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
WITH DIFFERENT SUBJECTS

With “to breathe”

With “to watch”
• I have been breathing.
 I have been watching.
• You have been breathing. (singular)
 You have been watching. (singular)
• He/She/It has been breathing.
 He/She/It has been watching.
• We have been breathing.
 We have been watching.
• You have been breathing. (plural)
 You have been watching. (plural)
• They have been breathing.
 They have been watching.
Present Perfect Simple
FORM
 This tense use the auxiliary verb “Have” in present and de past participle of the
verb

Pronouns Auxiliary Verb Short Form Past participle

I, You, He, She, etc. Have/Has I’ve, You’ve, etc. Verb+ed/Irregular

verbs
When we use the present perfect simple?

 To talk about an action which happened in the pass, but the exact time is
not mentioned

 To talk about an action or state which started in the past and continues up
to the present (emphasis on the action)

 To talk about an action that happened in the past and finished, but the
results are obvious in the present.
Examples:
Affirmative sentences Negative sentences
oI have talked to Peter oI have not talked to Peter
oHe has gone to work o He has not gone to work

Questions
o Have you talked with Peter?
o Have he gone to work?
Modals to Express:
There are many modals in English: modals of ability, possibility,
necessity, certainty, preference, obligation and advice.
Some modals can be used in past, present and future.
EXPRESSING OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION

Must / Have to
 Must+ base form : Expresses personal obligation in the present or future.
Ej. I must finish this by tonight

 Have to+base form: Expresses external obligation in the present or future.

Ej. You have to drive on the left when you visit the U.K.
EXPRESSING OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION
Must not / Had to
Must not + base form: Expresses prohibition in the present or future.

Ej. You must not park here.

Had to+ base form: Expresses obligation in the past.

Ej. When I was at school, i had to wake up at 7 o clock every morning.

EXPRESSING NECESSITY AND
ABSSENCE OF NECESSITY
Need to
Need to+ base form expresses necessity in the present or future.
We expresses necessity in the present or future.
Examples:
I need to know how many people will be at the party
 EXPRESSING NECESSITY AND
ABSSENCE OF NECESSITY
Don’t have to\ Don’t need to\ Needn’t
 The form that we use to express lack of necessity in the present or future.

Don’t have to \ Don’t need to \ needn’t + base form

Examples:
 You don’t have to call us again
 She doesn’t need to send her resume again
 You needn’t worry. Everything is under control
EXPRESSING NECESSITY AND
ABSSENCE OF NECESSITY

Expressing lack of necessity in the past.

Needed to + base form

 Expresses necessity in the past
Example
 We needed to buy some soft drinks, so we went to the supermarket.
 Didn’t have to \ Didn’t need to
Expressing lack of necessity in the past

Didn’t have to \ didn’t need to + base form

Examples:
 I didn’t have to pick up the kids from school Something wasn’t
 I didn’t need to pick up the kids from school necessary and may or
may not have been done
Note:
Need can be a main or modal verb.
When it is a main verb, it is followed by to + base form.
As a modal verb. As a modal, it is commonly used in the interrogative and negative form.
I need to go out
Do you need to go out ? Need you go out
She doesn’t need to go out. She needn’t go out
I needed to go out
Did you need to go out? Need you have gone out
You Didn’t need to go out. You needn’t have gone out
EXPRESSING ADVICE
Had better
Had better + base form is used to give strong advice. It often expresses
threat or warning and its stronger tan should/ ought to.
It refers to the present or futere, not the past. Its negative form is had
better not. In spoken English the short form is commonly used (Id better,
you d better, etc.)
Ej. You d better ask a doctor about it.
EXPRESSING PREFERENCE
Would rather
Would rather + base form is used to express preference about the present
or future.
It is usually followed by than. Its negative form is would rather not. In
spoken English the short form is commonly used (Id rather, youd rather,
etc.).
Ej. Id rather listen to pop music tan jazz.
EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY
Might /May/Could
Use might/ may/Could to express the possibility of something happening in the present or future.
The construction for may and might:

might / may/ could + verb base form

Note: “might” implies less possibility than “may”.
Examples:
 She might come this evening, but she also had some work to do.

 I might go to the cinema on Saturday.

 He could be the winner of the quiz show.

MAY, MIGHT, CAN, COULD

We use Might not or May not to express the possibility that

something will not happen in the present or in the future. :

The construction for may and might in negative form:

might not/ may not + verb base form
Examples:
 He might not come tomorrow. He goes to work tomorrow.
EXPRESSING CERTAINTY

We use must to express certainty that something is true or logically true:

The construction for Must:

Must+ Base Form+ Complement

Examples:
 Nobody is answering the phone. They must be out.
EXPRESSING INPOSSIBLE
We use can´t to express that something is logically impossible:
The construction for Can’t:

Can’t+ Base Form+ Complement

Examples:

• That man can´t be Peter. He is in London.