SMART ANTENNAS AND

MIMO SYSTEMS

Guide: By:
Mrs. Bindu E. Raja Rajput
ECE(4th year)
Group No. 11
 OVERVIEW
• Introduction
• What makes SA smart?
• Antenna Arrays
• Working of smart antennas
• Benefits and drawbacks
• Applications
• SA classification and comparison
• MIMO: Extension of smart antennas
• Diversity techniques
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION
SMART ANTENNAS:
• A smart antenna is an array of antenna
elements connected to a digital signal
processor.

MIMO: SMART ANTENNAS EXTENSION

• A smart antenna performs spatial signal
processing with multiple antennas which
can be used at either the transmitter or
receiver, called as MIMO systems.
 WHAT MAKES SMART
ANTENNA SMART?
• SA smartness reside in their digital
signal-processing facilities.

DOA calculation & beamforming

 ANTENNA ARRAYS
• Assembly of radiating elements in a special
geometrical configuration without increasing the
size of the individual elements.

1-D 2-D

2-D 3-D
 WORKING OF SMART
ANTENNA
• Smart antenna as Transmitter:
• Beamformer weights multiplication
on the basis of DOA.
• Smart antenna as Receiver:
 BENEFITS
• Reduced Interference : Radiates in DOA of
the signals only.

• Increased Capacity : Better frequency

reuse due to reduced interference. Larger
no. of users.
• Increased Range : DSP decides the range.

• Low Power Consumption : Due to limited

radiation pattern unlike omnidirectional
antennas
• Security : Radiation pattern.
• Easily Integrated
 DRAWBACKS
• Complexity : DSP and Antenna
Array.
• Expensive : Multi-radiating elements
used.
• Larger Size : Due to Antenna Array.
• Difficult to use in Mobile Sets due to
larger size.
 APPLICATIONS
• MIMO systems
• Cellular systems
• Positioning and Tracking systems
• Satellite systems
• RADAR
 SMART ANTENNA
CLASSIFICATION
• Switched Beam antenna: Finite
number of fixed predefined patterns
or combining strategies by antenna
arrays.
• Butler matrix is commonly used for
multiple beamforming.

Output
Butler Matrix
• Adaptive antenna arrays: it
locates the SOI using the direction-
of-arrival (DOA) algorithm for
example MUSIC.
• Enhancing SOI and suppress SNOI
by creating nulls.
Coverage patterns for switched
beam and adaptive array
antennas:

Comparing coverage patterns in presence and in absence of interference.

 MIMO: SMART ANTENNA
EXTENSION

Devices with SA acting as transmitter as well as receiver with multi-path signals.

SA MIMO improves the
wireless communication by
Diversity:
Diversity: To improve the
performance of communication it is
important to ensure that the
information symbols pass through
multiple signal paths, each of which
fades independently, making sure
that reliable communication is
possible as long as one of the paths
is strong. This technique is called
diversity.
 Diversity Techniques
• Time diversity: Diversity over time can be
obtained via coding and interleaving which finally
effects fading.
• Frequency diversity: Signal is transmitted
simultaneously using several frequency channels in
which signals suffer from different fading values.
• Antenna diversity (or spatial diversity): By
placing multiple antennas at the transmitter and/or
the receiver. If the antennas are placed sufficiently
far apart, different antenna pairs fade more or less
independently.
• Polarization diversity: Vertically and horizontally
polarized waves will encounter different fading.
 CONCLUSION
• “Smart Antenna” systems are the antennas arrays with
intelligence and the radiation pattern can be varied without
being mechanically changed.
• With appropriate adaptive algorithms the beam forming can
be obtained.
• As the system uses a DSP processor the signals can be
processed digitally and the performance is with a high data
rate transmission and good reduction of mutual signal
interference.
• Further, smart antennas reduces fading. This in turn allows
the increase in capacity of existing or future mobile
communications networks.
• Geometry of the antenna array was discussed. Finally, future
developments which include MIMO systems were explained
which promise huge transmission capacities.
 REFERENCES
• Constantine A. Balanis, Panayiotis I.
Ioannides, “Introduction to Smart
Antennas” (1st Edition), Morgan &
Claypool Publication.
• David Tse, Pramod Vishwanath,
“Fundamentals of Wireless
Communication”(1st edition)”,
Cambridge University Press
Publication.