WELCOME

TOPIC

ENDOSCOPIC MEDIATED
TREATMENT OF CANCER
USING
PHOTORESPONSIVE TiO2 NANO PARTICLES
PRESENTED BY

THAMBU. S
&
AJOSH. V
II YEAR
BIOMEDICALENGINEERING
UDAYA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
NAGERCOIL
K.K.DISTRICT-629204
 INTRODUCTION
• Cancer is one of the very dangerous disease for ever.
• Now we are adopting two methods to treat cancer.
• One method is chemotherapy and another one is radiation
therapy.
• This may cause some side effects to patients.
• So in this paper we are adopting a novel method to kill
cancer cells by using nano TiO2 particles combined with
UV irradiation.
• This photo dynamic effect produces free radicals in turn
kills the cancer cells. Here nano TiO2 is a cell known bio-
material which does not cause any toxicity. We can use
UV laser in the endoscopy to treat cancer.
 CANCER
• Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of
cells display uncontrolled growth.
• Researchers divide the causes of cancer into two
groups: those with an environmental cause and
those with a hereditary genetic cause.
• The presence of cancer can be suspected on the
basis of symptoms.
• Most cancers can be treated.
CANCER CELLS
 What causes cancer?
• Cancer is ultimately the result of cells that
uncontrollably grow and do not die.
• Normal cells in the body follow an orderly path of
growth, division, and death.
• Unlike regular cells, cancer cells do not
experience programmatic death and instead
continue to grow and divide.
• This leads to a mass of abnormal cells that grows
out of control.
 How is cancer
classified?
• Carcinomas are characterized by cells that cover internal
and external parts of the body such as lung, breast, and
colon cancer.
• Sarcomas are characterized by cells that are located in
bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, muscle, and other
supportive tissues.
• Lymphomas are cancers that begin in the lymph nodes and
immune system tissues.
• Leukemias are cancers that begin in the bone marrow and
often accumulate in the bloodstream.
• Adenomas are cancers that arise in the thyroid, the pituitary
gland, the adrenal gland, and other glandular tissues.
How is cancer diagnosed and
staged?
• Imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans,
MRI scans, PET scans, and ultrasound scans are
used regularly in order to detect where a tumor
is located and what organs may be affected by it.
• Extracting cancer cells and looking at them
under a microscope is the only absolute way to
diagnose cancer. This procedure is called a
biopsy.
CANCER CELLS AND NORMAL
CELLS
 How is cancer treated?
• Cancer treatment depends on the type of cancer.
• There are different types of cancer treatments.

Surgery
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Hormone therapy
Gene therapy
Radiation THERAPY
• The radiation therapy and chemotherapy
have a lot of disadvantags and some side
effects. In the case of radiation therapy, the
radiation may cause some side effects in our
body. It some times also damage the normal
cells. In the case of chemotherapy, the
chemicals are toxic, cause some side effects.
• By combining these two methods we can
overcome the above problem. That combining
noval method is called Photodynamic
therapy.
 PHOTODYNAMIC
THERAPY
• Treatment of internal organs may be achieved through the
use of endoscopes and fiber optic catheters to deliver light,
and intravenously-administered photosensitizers.
 Mechanism of action
• A photosensitizer is a chemical compound that can
be excited by light of a specific wavelength.
• The tissue to be treated is exposed to light suitable
for exciting the photosensitizer.
• The use of TiO2 as a photocatalyst that is able to
destroy unwanted and harmful organic compounds
in contaminated air or water .
Mechanism of action
TiO2 as a photocatalyst
TiO2 surface
tio2 structure
 METHOD
• We here adopting photo dynamic therapy for cancer treatment.
• So means treat cancer by the resultant of reaction between
UVlight and a metal oxide.Here we use nano TiO2 as metal
oxide.
• Here another problem arised is as TiO2 is an external particle
our wbc cells does not allow it to pass through.
• So we are binding TiO2 with Poly Ethylene Glycol which is a
polymer does not cause more harmfulness to body.
• Endoscope give clear image of cellpart we want to treat in the
monitor.
 photo dynamic reaction
• When UV reaches the part and incident on TiO2
photo dynamic reaction occur.
• As a result Reactive O2 Species form and kill that
cell.That means free radicals are prodused as a result
of reaction and that free radical kills the cancer
cells.
• UV + TiO2 + H2O ---> OH
• After the process UV light get off and the reaction
get stopped.So the remaining TiO2 binded in other
cell parts will excrete through renal mechanism
photo dynamic reaction
 CONCLUSION

• Cancer is a very dangerous disease for ever.

• Treatment of cancer have so many technique
now a days.
• But it having some disadvantages with their
advantage.
• So by this novel photo dynamic therapy we
can offer a very painless, safe, costless
treatment.
THANK
YOU