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VSC Converter
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An LCL filter is often used to interconnect an inverter to the utility grid in order to
filter the harmonics produced by the inverter.
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Simple type of filter that can be used is a series inductor,
but its harmonic attenuation is not very pronounced
High voltage drop is produced, hence the size of inductor becomes bulky.
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Little information available describing the systematic design of LCL filters
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LCL Filter Modeling
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Wye connected capacitors
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Wye connected capacitors
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Wye connected capacitors
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delta connected capacitors
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LCL frequency response
important transfer function
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Filter Design procedure
Input parameters
Calculate and
Provide desired
Calculate
Check
Provide
Output and
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Filter Design procedure
Base Capacitance
For the design of the filter capacitance, it is considered that the maximum power
factor variation seen by the grid is 5%, indicating that the base impedance of the
system is adjusted as follows:
It can be observed that the maximum peak-to-peak current ripple happens at m = 0.5, then
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Filter Design procedure
A 10% ripple of the rated current () for the design parameters is given
by
Where,
Hence, becomes
The LCL filter should reduce the expected current ripple to 20%, resulting in a ripple value of
2% of the output current.
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Filter Design procedure
Now harmonic mitigation, the harmonic current generated by inverter to that of current
injected in the grid is given by:
The constant r is the ratio between the inductance at the inverter side and the one at the grid side
A resistor in series (Rf ) with the capacitor attenuates part of the ripple on the switching
frequency in order to avoid the resonance.
The value of this resistor should be one third of the impedance of the filter capacitor at the
resonant frequency
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Lcl FILTER DESIGN EXAMPLE
The specifications are
, line-to-line RMS voltage;
Ps = Pn = 5 kW, rated active power;
VDC = 400 V, dc-link voltage;
ωg = 2π60, grid angular frequency;
fsw = 15 kHz, switching frequency;
x = 0.05, maximum power factor variation seen by the grid;
ka = 0.2 (20%), attenuation factor.
Base Impedance
Base Capacitance
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Lcl FILTER DESIGN EXAMPLE
For =20%
(wye)
(wye)
Satisfy criteria
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Lcl FILTER DESIGN EXAMPLE
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GSC Converter Control
Various tests have been conducted stand-alone mode for a load with different power
factors; in all cases, the filter output voltage has THD less than 2%.
GSC Converter Control
GSC Converter Control