S.C.

S Auto College, Puri

AGRICULTURE SCENARIO IN INDIA

GUIDED BY PRESENTED BY

Dept. of Geography +3 Final Year Geography Hons

ROLL NO.-BA14-292
EXAM ROLL NO-10814012
AGRICULTURE SCENARIO IN
INDIA
Agriculture is occur by the fight between
farmer and agricultural field. Generally agriculture
means the systematic rising of useful plants and
live stock under the management of man.
SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE
The salient feature of Indian agriculture is
discuss below. These features are:-

• Subsistence agriculture
• Pressure of population on agriculture
• Mechanization of farming
• Depend upon monsoon
• Variety of crops
• Predominance of food crops
• Seasonal pattern
SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

As mentioned most parts of India

have subsistence agriculture. This
agriculture generally done by poor and
lower farmers, only for fulfill their family
wants. It is a traditional method of farming.
PRESSURE OF POPULATION ON
AGRICULTURE
Despite increase in urbanization and
industrialization about 70% of population is directly
or indirectly depends on agriculture.

MECHANIZATION OF FARMING
Green revolution took place in India in the
late sixties and early seventies. After more than
40 years of green revolution in agricultural
machinery and equipment complete
mechanization is still a distance dream.
DEPENDS UPON MONSOON
Since independence, there has been a
rapid expansion of irrigation infrastructure.
Despite the large scale expansion only about
1/3th of total cropped areas irrigated to day. as a
consequences 2/3th of areas still depend on a
monsoon. As we know monsoon in India is
uncertain and unreliable due to change in
climate.
 VARIETY OF CROPS
India has diversity of topography, climate and
soil. Since India has both tropical and temperate, crops
of both the climate are found in India.
PREDOMINANCE OF FOOD CROPS
Since Indian agriculture has to feed a large population
production of food crops is the first priority of farmers almost
everywhere in the country. However in recent years there has
been a decline in the share of land used for food crops, due to
various other commercial most advantageous uses of these
land.
 SEASONAL PATTERN
India has 3 agricultural season like – kharif, rabi,
and zaid. In India there are specific crops grown in
these 3 seasons, for ex-rice is a kharif where as wheat
is a rabi crop

AGRICULTURE SCENARIO IN INDIA

BEFORE INDEPENDENCE(1947)

THE MAJOR CONDITIONS BEFORE INDIPENDENCE

WERE
 LACK OF GOOD QUALITY SEEDS
• Prior to independence farmers depends on old
indigenous seeds. Good quality and HYV seeds
which gives better yield was not there.

•ILLITERATE FARMERS:-
The farmer were not well educated before
1947 they did not know about the suitable
process of farming, so they were getting loss in
their production. And got a lower production
from their big cultivated land.
LACK OF IRRIGATION FACILITY
• Before independence the farmers were fully
dependent on rain. When monsoon failed the
crops were destroyed due to lack of irrigation.
Farmers were get less yield from their
agricultural field.
LACK OF FARMING INPUTS
Farming input plays vital role for agriculture
before independence there was no more farming
inputs. The farmer cultivated there field by ox and
donkey by plough.
 LACK OF SKILLED LABOUR
• In agriculture the labour plays vital role. If the
labours are unskilled thy cannot increase their
production, because they will killed the plans
at the time of working in the field. before
independence there was no skilled labour in
India. Due to the lack of skilled labour the
production was stabled before 1947.
LACK OF SUITABLE FERTILIZER
AND PESTICIDE
• Fertilizer and pesticide plays major important
role for better production but these facilities
was not seen before independence the farmers
were use humus, compost and bio-fertilizer. So
due to the lack of good pesticides there was no
more production seen in India
 LACK OF STORAGE ROOM
Before independence the farmers stocked their
crops from their field due to insufficient storage room. at
the time of rain and flood the farmers were lost their
yield.

EFFECT OF FLOOD:-
There was no more branches of river before 1947. At
the time of flood the bank of river was breaking down by
flood. And the flood washed out to the corn field of
different farmers so production was decreased for flood
LACK OF TRANSPORT FACILITY
• The farmers were bringing crops over their
head and bullock cart, due to lack of
transport facility in India, the farmers were
not interested to farming
 PRESENT AGRICULTURE
SCENARIO IN INDIA
Now a days the present agriculture scenario follows to
these conditions:-
• Development of HYV seed.
• Well developed pesticides.
• Development of farming inputs.
• Irrigation facilities.
• Development of education.
• Examination of soil.
• Loan and insurance.
• Develop in storage.
• Development of transportation
DEVELOPMENT OF HYV SEED
• Seeds plays major important role for
agriculture. If seed will good then production
will be good. So the various private and
government sector give importance to produce
suitable and HYV seeds. The farmers are uses
these seeds and able to get more production
from their agricultural field
 WELL DEVELOPED PESTICIDES
• After independence the people are getting more crops
from a small land, due to use of suitable pesticides of
high technology. It helps for better production of
farmers
DEVELOPMENT OF FARMING INPUTS
Now a days each and every work of agriculture is done
by various machines. All the work like planting, cutting,
harvesting etc. are done by develop farming inputs. So it
also save the time and money of farmers. The production
increases for the use of farming inputs
 IRRIGATION FACILITIES
• The farmers are ready to irrigate their fields by water
pimps, if the rain does not seen in the time of farming.
After 1947 the major farmers uses the bore wells, water
pumps etc. so the farmers of India are not face lack of
irrigation
DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION
The educated farmers know better about the process
of cultivation and uses various techniques to increase their
production, only for the development of education in India
 EXAMINATION OF SOIL
• The farmers know which cultivation is suitable
in their agricultural field, due to the examination
of soil before farming. And prepare themselves
how to eradicate the weakness of the examined
soil
 LOAN AND INSURANCE
• The farmers are fearless about capital, due to loan and
insurance facilities which are given by government to all
the farmers. They are using the money in their
cultivation and also uses the perfect seed, fertilizer and
pesticides for increasing of their production
DEVELOP IN STORAGE
The farmer stock their crops for more than one year
from the cold storage room. The crops are safe in there and
it also promote to the farmers for increasing their
production
 DEVELOPMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
• The transportation facilities are well
developed in each and every corner of
India. The farmers can bring their crops
from their agricultural field by tractor
and other vehicles. It also helps to take
their production to the market for sale.
 CONCLUSION
From the above discussion I conclude
that agriculture is the backbone of India. And it
also gave service to most of the Indian farmer.
Before 1947 due to the lack of various condition
the agriculture had not increase but in the
present time the farmers get various facilities for
increasing their production and able to export of
crops to foreign country.