2111203SDN

KHARTOUM BASIN G&G STUDY – BLOCK 9 - SUDAN

FINAL MEETING

Khartoum, 16-17th of September 2012

232, avenue Napoléon Bonaparte

PB 213 - 92502 Rueil-Malmaison France
Phone: +33 1 47 08 80 00 Fax: + 33 1 47 08 41 85 - info@beicip.com – www.beicip.com
 Agenda

Day1: September 17th 2012

 09:00-09:10 Opening remarks Mr. Awad Elkarim
Mohamed / President
 09:10-09:35 Introduction & Project status G.Rabary
 09:35-10:00 Petroleum system G.Rabary
 10:00-10:45 Geophysical interpretation C.Byrne
Coffee break
 11:00-11:45 Geological interpretation G.Rabary
 11:45-12:40 Petrophysical interpretation G.Rabary
Dhohur Prayer / Lunch Break
 14:30-15:15 Prospective resources G.Rabary/C.Byrne
 15:15-16:30 Conclusions & AOB ALL

Day2: September 18th 2012

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 09:00-12:00 Discussion and wrap-up ALL
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 2
Khartoum Basin / Geological
Interpretation

G.Rabary
Project Leader / Senior Geophysicist
guillaume.rabary@beicip.com

Rueil-Malmaison, 3rd of July 2012

232, avenue Napoléon Bonaparte

PB 213 - 92502 Rueil-Malmaison France
Phone: +33 1 47 08 80 00 Fax: + 33 1 47 08 41 85 - info@beicip.com – www.beicip.com
 OUTLINES

 Geological context
 Well data
 Biostratigraphy resutls
 Sedimentology
 Sequence stratigraphic breakdown and well correlations
 Seismic stratigraphy
 Lithofacies distribution
 Conclusions

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 4
 Sudan geological map

STRUCTURAL SETTING OF SUDANESE RIFTS

 Muglad

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE MAIN SUDANESE GRABENS

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(After Bosworth, 1992)
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 5
 Khartoum basin

SPOC recent geological map

 Khartoum basin: southern part of Block 9

 Proterozoic to Tertiary rocks outcrops
 35 km width - 65 km long - Basin area ~1500 sq.km
 Associated to a continental rift system

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 Records up to 5500 m of Late Jurassic to Tertiary clastic
sedimentation with volcanic deposits
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 6
 Stratigraphy of the Khartoum basin

 Tertiary: mainly consists of alluvial to fluvial sandstone/claystone

intercalations. Trace of weathered basalts can occur (Hasan-1).
 Es Sari Fm: mainly consists in claystones deposits with sandstone
intercalations (Qarad-1, Kausar-1, Sudan-6). Trace of fragments of basalts
can occurred (Gezira-1, Hasan-1).
 Mansur Fm: mainly consists in sandstone occasionally interbedded with
claystone beds. Coal horizons can occur (Sudan-6)
 Hebeika Fm: mainly consists in continental claystones with interbedded
sandstones. Coarse to pebbly sandstones can occur in the lower part (El
Salam-1, Gezira-1), as tuff deposits are common in El Salam-1. Basalt
deposits are observed mainly in the upper part of the formation (Sudan-6,
Kausar-1, Hasan-1, Gezira-1)
 Sawagir Fm: mainly consists in alluvial to fluvial interbedded sandstones
with claystone beds with some rare volcanic deposits (Sudan-6, Kausar-1,
Hasan-1, Gezira-1)
 Abu Jinn Fm: mainly consists in fluvio-lacustrine claystone with thin beds
of sands (more sandy in the upper part of the formation) and with
volcanic/tuff intercalations. Black shale is common (Hasan-1).
 Older sedimentary deposits underlying the Abu Jinn formation are
observed in the El Salam-1, Sudan-6 and Democratia-1 well and
correspond to the volcanic and minor interbeds of claystone formation of
El Azzaza.

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 Granite rocks are also observed in the El Salam-1 well and are associated
to the basement of Khartoum Basin and a Silurian age is given by the El
Salam-1 completion report (1980).
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 7
 Stratigraphic column

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 8
 Well data
Well Drilling Formation Final Well Mud Composite LWD/WL Cored RCA SCAL Core SEM/XRD FMI/FMS RFT/MDT DST Checkshot Geochemical
Year Markers Report Log Log Log Well Photo Analysis
DEMOCRATRIA-1 1987 P P P P P P + SWC P P P
ELSALAM-1 1989 P P P P P SWC P
GEZIRA-1 2005 P P P P P
HASAN-1 2006 P P P P P P (EOWR) P P P
KAUSAR-1 2007 P P P P P P
QARAD-1 2011 P P P P P P
SUDAN-6 1989 P P P P P SWC P P P

 7 wells with standard log suite

 Biostratigraphy information (3/7): El Salam-1,
Sudan-6, Qarad-1 (micro- & palyno-)
 Sedimentology information (3/7)
– Core: Democratia-1
– SWC: El Salam-1, Sudan-6 (SWC)
 Well final reports
 Mudlog & Masterlog reports
Well Name Spud date TD (m) Fm at TD Well status
DEMOCRATIA-1 1987 3275 El Azaza Oil&gas shows

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ELSALAM-1 1989 2732 Basement Dry
SUDAN-6 1989 3680 El Azaza Dry
GEZIRA-1 2005 1773 Abu Jinn Dry
HASAN-1 2006 2401 Abu Jinn Oil shows
KAUSAR-1 2007 2397 Abu Jinn Dry
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 9
QARAD-1 2011 2932 Abu Jinn Oil&gas shows
 Biostratigraphy information

 Palynology and micro-

palaeontology
 Tertiary and Cretaceous strata
with Early Cretaceous / Late
Jurassic sediments (Sudan-6 &
El Salam-1)
 Silurian? basement (El Salam-1)
 All sedimentary deposits
occurred in a continental
environment from lacustrine to
floodplain conditions.
 Possible pollution of older
sediments (reworked sediment
as product of erosion)

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 El Azzaza Fm.  Late Jurassic
 Abu Jinn Fm.  Early to Middle Neocomian
 Sawagir Fm.  Late Neocomian
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 10
 Hebeika Fm.  Barremian
 Sedimentological information
claystone / silstone deposits mostly
corresponding to lacustrine / marginal
lacustrine environment, and also,
sandstone which is associated to fluvial
or alluvial fan deposits SWC SWC Core

Interbedded sandstone /
claystone deposit at the
Hebeika/Sawagir transition

Claystone deposits from

lacustrine environment,
interrupted by tuffaceous
siltstone (volcanic airfall
deposits) and rares sands
beds (channel o marginal
Base of El Salam-1 lake)
correspond to a more
volcanic (basalt/tuff)
environment

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Granitic basement
(El Salam-1)
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 11
 Well correlation

 New sequence stratigraphic breakdown Revised stratigraphic column

– Tectono-stratigraphic sequences
– Finer order sequences
 Integration with seismic stratigraphy
– sequence boundaries, MFS, internal geometries
 New Top Sawagir used as a regional datum (end of rifting)
 Limitations:
– limited sedimentological & biostratigraphic information
– high lateral sedimentary facies variation (rift system)
– intrusive and extrusive volcanic deposits along the
stratigraphic column Regional well correlation sections

Log template used for well correlation

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 12
 Well cross-section 1
Tectono-stratigraphic sequences
North 11 km 2 km 4 km 30 km South
El Salam-1 Qarad-1 Democratia-1 Hasan-1 Gezira-1

450 m
400 m 100 m 250 m

SAG
SYNRIFT-2

700 m
SYNRIFT-1
 2 phases of rifting with rapid
changes of thickness > 2000 m

 Sag phase with relatively N S

isopach deposits

SAG

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SynRift-2

SynRift-1

March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 13
 Well cross-section 1
Finer order sequences
North 11 km 2 km 4 km 30 km South
El Salam-1 Qarad-1 Democratia-1 Hasan-1 Gezira-1

SAG-2
SAG-1
SAG
Intra-2b
Intra-2a SR-2

SYNRIFT-1
Intra-1e
Intra-1d
Intra-1c

…
Intra-1b
Intra-1a
PreRift
Basement
N S

SAG

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SynRift-2

SynRift-1

March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 14
 Well cross-section 2
Tectono-stratigraphic sequences
NE 13 km 10 km W
Sudan-6 Kausar-1 Hasan-1
600 m

400 m
150 m

SAG
1050 m

SYNRIFT-2
700 m

SYNRIFT-1
600 m

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 15
 Well cross-section 2
Finer order sequences
NE 13 km 10 km W
Sudan-6 Kausar-1 Hasan-1

SAG-2
SAG-1
SAG
Intra-2b
Intra-2a SR-2

SYNRIFT-1
Intra-1e
Intra-1d
Intra-1c
Intra-1b
Intra-1a
PreRift
Basement

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 16
 Sedimentation rate

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 SynRift1 and SynRift2 sequences show maximum sedimentation rate
 Sedimentation
March 24, 2019 rate during post-rift
Khartoum sequences – Block
are
Basin G&G study low9 – Final Meeting 17
 Revised stratigraphic column

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 Sawagir
March 24, 2019 Fm. is restricted toKhartoum
the rifting G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting
episode
Basin 18
 Well correlation changes
old vs. new
Revision of depth markers for Hebeika (SAG) – Sawagir (SynRift-2) – Abu Jinn (SynRift-1)

 Marker from SPOC were revised by BF in order to fit with seismic interpretation

Sudan-6 El Salam-1 Qarad-1 Democratia-1 Hasan-1 Kausar-1 Gezira-1

50

10 12
1 3
0
-7 -2
-11 -6 -4 -3 0
-8
-18
-50
(X= DEPTH spoc – DEPTHbf)

-76
-100
-112
-150
Hebeika
-186 -187 -190
-200 Sawagir
-250 -248 Abu Jinn
-300

-350
-365
-400
Depth markers différences between SPOC and BF analysis
-450
Top Hebeika (from BF) is the same than Top Hebeika (from SPOC)

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Top Sawagir (from BF) nearly 200 m more deeper than Top Sawagir (from SPOC)
Top Abu Jinn in Hasan-1 has been rectified to be 112 m more deeper than before the study

March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 19
 Seismic Stratigraphy (1)

 Methodology adapted from Catuneanu (2006) and Jermannaud

et al. (2010)
– Offlap break and their associated stratal terminations (onlap,
offlap, downlap, erosional truncation)
– Offlap break trajectories (progradation/retrogradation)
– Stratigraphic surface candidates (SB/MRS/MFS/…)

Idenification of the main regresive and transgresive sequence & the MFS
Democratia-1
N El Salam-1 Qarad-1 Hasan-1 Gezira-1 S

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 20
 Seismic Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic surfaces

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 21
 Seismic Stratigraphy (2)
Gross depositional environment

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 22
 Lithofacies distribution maps

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 23
 Conceptual depositional model
Continental rift system

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 24
 Lithofacies classification
Depositional environment from well logs pattern
interpretation during SynRift-1 sequence. Yellow and
green colors in Log response trends indicate sandy
and shaly deposit, respectively. “Multi”: multiple
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting
 4 lithofacies were identified to globally
characterize the sedimentary environment
of the Khartoum Basin:
– Lacustrine environment for blocky shaly
maximum seismic thickness area
– Flood plain dominated environment for
blocky shaly low-moderate seismic
thickness area
– Fluvial dominated environment for sandy
low-moderate seismic thickness area:
• If the log shows numerous fining upward
sequence, the facies is associated with
“Low sinuosity meandering channel”,
typical of high topographical area (high
slope gradient)
• If log show a main fining upward
sequence, the facies is associated with
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“High sinuosity meandering channel”,
typical of low topographical area (very low
gradient slope)
25
 Lithofacies distribution map
SynRift 1 (eq. AbuJinn Fm.)
The lithofacies map of the Abu Jinn shows two N-S
elongated lacustrine sub-basins (related to the
Democratia sub-basin to the west and the Sudan-6 and
Gezira sub-basins to the east) separated by a paleo-
high called the El Salam – Kausar High. This last
paleo-high could be associated with low sinuosity
meandering channel that may feed in sediments the
adjacent basins.

Log pattern lithology proportion on wells Qarad-1 and

Democratia-1 and seismic data (thickness map)
suggests that a deltaic lacustrine system could
progrades southwards.

Sediment source could also exist all around the border

of this closed basin to fill the main lacustrine
environment.

The shaly sequence in the upper Abu Jinn (Intra-1e)

could be assimilated to a high base level period

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(maximum accommodation space), during which anoxic
condition could occur along the deepest part of the
lacustrine environment.
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 26
 Lithofacies distribution map
SynRift 2 (eq. Sawagir Fm.)
The lithofacies map of the Sawagir shows two main
probable lacustrine environments restricted to the
main depocenter of the Democratia and the Sudan-6
sub-basins. A detailed seismic stratigraphy
interpretation suggested the existence of a developed
lacustrine deltaic system prograding from the El
Salam High basinwards to the south in the
Democratia sub-basin. Such system is also expected
from the El Salam High towards the Sudan-6 sub-basin.

The high topographical area of El Salam – Kausar

appears to be more pronounced and extends further
south. This high should provide more westward
sediment input to the Democratia sub-basin.

The southern part of the basin (Gezira sub-basin)

seems to be floodplain dominated as sediment
thickness is moderate and lithology shaly dominated.

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 27
 Lithofacies distribution map
Lower Sag (eq. Lower Hebeika Fm.)
In the Lower Hebeika, there is a clear change in the
lithofacies distribution in relation to the end of the
rifting activity and the accommodation space created
by fault activity. The lithofacies evolves west to east
from meandering channels to flood plain dominated
and probable lacustrine dominated environment in
relation to the eastwards tilting or western uplift of the
basin.

The western low seismic thickness area could be

interpreted as high topographical areas corresponding
to the main source of sediment transported eastward by
fluvial systems.

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 28
 Lithofacies distribution map
Upper Sag (eq. Upper Hebeika Fm.)
The lithofacies map of the Upper Hebeika shows an
inherited topography from the underlying rift sub-
basins maybe due to the reactivation of major faults
and/or differential thermal subsidence and compaction.
Probable lacustrine environments overlie the existing
sub-basins of Democratia, Sudan-6 and Gezira
separated by highly interpretative sandier environments.

The main thin seismic thickness packages are located

in the western borders of the basin, suggesting an
eastward sediment transport to the depocenter.

Globally it seems that this Upper SAG sequence is less

sandy than the Lower SAG sequence.

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 29
 Play definition

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March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – Final Meeting 30
 Conclusions
 New tectono-stratigraphic breakdown
 Revised well correlation
 Continental rift depositional system
– High sedimentation rate during rifting
episode
– Fluvial deposits (meandering channels
isolated in alluvial plain; stacked braided
channel deposits)
– Deltaic system
– Flood plain dominated
– Deep lacustrine deposits
– High volcanic influence (intrusive/extrusive
bodies and tuffs)
 Abu Jinn and Sawagir play definition
– Interbedded thin bands of sands and shales Fluvial Architectural Reservoir
system model geometry
– No evidence of regional sealing
 Lithofacies distribution maps for Abu Jinn,

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Braidded
Sawagir and Hebeika used for geological risk
assessment
March 24, 2019 Khartoum Basin G&G study – Block 9 – FinalMeandering
Meeting 31