Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management & Gramothan

Jaipur

A
Seminar Presentation on
Rapid Prototyping

Submitted to- Guided by- Submitted by-

Mr. Ashish Nayyar Mr. Vishnu Jangid Md.Ismail Khan
Mr. Dinesh Kr. Sharma 15ESKME106
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SEMINAR PPT
Swami Keshvanand Institute Of
Technology & Gramothan, Jaipur

MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION

• Submitted to: • Submitted By:

• Mr. Dinesh Kumar Sharma • Mohd. Ismail Khan
Sir • 15ESKME106
• Mr. Ashish Nayyar Sir • VIII- B2

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OBJECTIVE
To develop more efficient and cost-
effective small-scale H2 liquefiers as an
alternative to vapour-compression cycles
using magnetic refrigeration
(adiabatic magnetization).

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CONTENTS
 Introduction
 History
 Basic principle of Magnetic Refrigeration
 Components
 Thermodynamic cycle
 Working
 Benefits
 Magnetic materials
 Regenerators & Superconducting Magnets
 Active magnetic regenerators (AMR’s)
 Comparison
 Activities
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INTRODUCTION

Magnetic refrigeration is a physical process that

exploits the magnetic properties of certain solid
materials to produce refrigeration.

Magnetic refrigeration is a cooling technology

based on the magneto caloric effect. This
technique can be used to attain extremely low
temperatures (well below 1 Kelvin), as well as the
ranges used in common refrigerators, depending
on the design of the system.

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HISTORY
 Magneto caloric effect was discovered in pure iron in 1881 by
E. Warburg.
 Debye (1926) & Giauque (1927) proposed a improved
technique of cooling via adiabatic demagnetization
independently.
 The cooling technology was first demonstrated
experimentally in 1933 by chemist Nobel Laureate William
F. Giauque & his colleague Dr. D. P. MacDougall for
cryogenic purposes.
 In 1997, Prof. Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. by the Iowa State
University at Ames Laboratory, demonstrated the first near
room temperature proof of concept magnetic refrigerator.

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Magneto Caloric Effect
MCE is a magneto-thermodynamic
phenomenon in which a reversible change in
temperature of a suitable material is caused by
exposing the material to changing magnetic
field.

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COMPONENTS

 Magnets.
 Hot heat exchanger.
 Cold heat
exchanger.
 Drive.
 Magneto caloric
wheel.

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Thermodynamic cycle
Steps of thermodynamic
cycle -
Adiabatic magnetization.

Isomagnetic enthalpic
transfer.

Adiabatic demagnetization.

Isomagnetic entropic
transfer.
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WORKING PRINCIPLE

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BENEFITS
TECHNICAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC

 High efficiency.  Competition in global

 Reduced cost. market.
 Compactness.  Low capital cost.
 Reliability  Key factor to new
technologies.

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 MAGNETIC MATERIALS

Gd alloys: Gd5(Si2Ge2); Gd5(Si0.33Ge3.67); Gd0.54Er0.46)NiAl

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a) Tubes.
b) Perforated
plates.
c) Wire screens.
d) Particle beds.

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SUPER CONDUCTING MAGNETS

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 AMR’s
 High heat transfer rate.
 Low pressure drop of the heat transfer fluid.
 High magneto caloric effect.
 Sufficient structural integrity.
 Low thermal conduction in the direction of
fluid flow.
 Low porosity.
 Affordable materials.
 Ease of manufacture.

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COMPARISON

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CONTD……
Do the same job, but with metallic
compounds, not gases.
Environmentally friendly alternative to
conventional vapor-cycle refrigeration.
 It eliminates the need of the compressor.
 Save costs.

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ACTIVITIES ( PRESENT & FUTURE )
 Development of optimized magnetic refrigerants.
( large magneto caloric effect )
 Performance simulations of magnetic refrigerants.
 Design of a magnetic liquefier.

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 CONCLUSION
 Magnetic refrigeration technology could provide a
‘green’ alternative to traditional energy-guzzling gas-
compression fridges and air conditioners.
 Computer models have shown 25% efficiency
improvement over vapor compression systems.
 Two advantages to using Magnetic Refrigeration over
vapor compressed systems are no hazardous
chemicals used and they can be up to 60% efficient.

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THANK YOU…
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