Ch 12.

Turbomachines
Pompa Sentrifugal

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Karakteristik Sistem dan Pemilihan Pompa

Persamaan Energi Bernoulli

head pompa

Major losses Minor losses

hambatan akibat gesekan pipe fitting, valve,
dengan dinding pipa instrumentasi, peralatan
proses

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Karakteristik Sistem dan Pemilihan Pompa
Persamaan Sistem

= head gained by fluid from pump

= change in elevation head

= total head losses

Turbulent flow

Laminar flow

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Kurva Sistem

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Kurva Performa Pompa

H (head) meter
BHP (Breka Horse Power) KW

η (efficiency) %

H – Q cu
rve
NPSHR meter

rve
cu
– Q
η rve
cu
–Q
BHP

NPSH – Q curv
e

0 Q (Capacity) m3/hr

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Kurva Sistem vs Performa Pompa

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Efek Bukaan Valve (Throttling)

en
H (head) meter
H – Q curve

op
%
70
0 Q (Capacity) m3/hr

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Hukum Afinitas
Q = Capacity
Q2 n2 D2 N = Putaran/speed
------ = ----- = ------ H = Head
D = Impeller Diameter
Q1 n1 D1 P = Brake Horse Power

1 = Kondisi 1
H2 n2 D2
2 2
2 = Kondisi 2
----- = ----- = -----
H1 n1 D1

P2 n2 3 D2 3

----- = ----- = -----

P1 n1 D1
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Pengaruh perubahan kecepatan putaran poros
pompa dan diameter Impeller
H – Q at s pe H – Q at imp
ed > N eller dia. > D

H (head) meter
H – Q at imp
H (head) meter

H – Q at s pe eller dia D
ed N
H – Q at s pe H – Q at imp
ed < N eller dia < D

0 0 Q (Capacity) m3/hr
Q (Capacity) m3/hr

>D D <D
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Performa pompa dengan perbedaan diameter
impeller
H – Q at impe
ller dia. >D

H (head) meter
H – Q at impe
ller dia. D
H – Q at impe
ller dia < D
>D
D
<D

ηD >D
η>D D
η<
D
<D
Perubahan impeller
diameter >D, D & <D BHP
dengan casing &
putaran pompa tetap.
Q (Capacity) m3/sec

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Pompa disusun Paralel

Meningkatkan flow dengan head

sama

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Pompa disusun Paralel

PUMP A

Head
1 PUMP PUMP A+B
Head

HdfA
HdfB 2 PUMP
(ideal)

z z PUMP B

y y
Parallel B

Parallel A

Minimum flow PUMP A

PUMP A+B
(actual)

Flowrate
1xQ QB QA 2xQ
x x Flowrate
a) pompa identik
QA QB
b) pompa berbeda

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
Parallel A Parallel B
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Pompa disusun Seri

Meningkatkan head dan flow

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Pompa disusun Seri
Head

Head
2 PUMP PUMP A+B
(seri actual) (seri)

2 PUMP PUMP A
(seri ideal)

x+y
2x

2y
Minimum flow

x
1 PUMP PUMP B
x

y
y

Flowrate Flowrate

a) pompa identik b) pompa berbeda

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Bruce R. Munson and Donald F. Young.
ISBN 0-471-44250-X. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.