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MOHAMMAD ALMUNYER
BARA’ ALSAYYED
4.6 GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION OF THE STRESS
INEQUALITY CONDITIONS
Quick review
b1
Number of variables
consider I-beam section
h1
3 rectangles - each has depth + width
+ prestress force
+ prestress eccentricity b2
= 8 variables to be found h2
h3
b3
3
First explored by Magnel, a Belgian engineer
Plot of e versus Fi produced a hyperbolic curve
Plot of e versus 1/Fi produced a straight line
Therefore, we will use e versus 1/Fi
D Aps
(b) E cgs
G
All four stress
inequalities are A
(c) satisfied within this Inqe.1
region. Thus all Inqe.2
combinations of e and Inqe.3
e(+) 1/Fi within this region Inqe.4
are safe
(feasible domain)
Graphical method assumption
5
Construct the diagram
Linear function will take the following form:
y = a x + b
e (Mmin __ σti * zt ) 1 k b
Fi
The formed line will represent the inequality condition the you have
considered.
6
Construct the diagram
The value of x
kt This is the maximum
When y=0
permissible
This is the maximum
prestresingpermissible
force
prestresing force
1/Fi Represent x axis
The value of y
When x=0
e(+)
Represent y axis 7
Final graph
Toward minimum Fi
kt This is the maximum Typical Beam section
permissible
This is the maximum
prestresingpermissible
force
prestresing force
1/Fi
------------------------------------------------------------cgc
kb A
(a)
This is the minimum
C permissible
B prestresing force
D Aps
(b) E cgs
G
C
B
D Aps
E cgs
G
A
Inqe.1
Inqe.2
Inqe.3
e(+) Inqe.4
Inqe.5
Case (2): Toward minimum Fi
kt This is the maximum Typical Beam section
permissible
This is the maximum
prestresingpermissible
force
prestresing force
1/Fi
------------------------------------------------------------cgc
kb A
C
B
D Aps
(b) E cgs
G
A
Inqe.1
Inqe.2
Inqe.3
e(+) Inqe.4
Inqe.5
Case (3):
Toward minimum Fi
kt Typical Beam section
1/Fi
------------------------------------------------------------cgc
kb A
C
B
D Aps
E cgs
G
A
(c) Inqe.1
Inqe.2
Inqe.3
e(+) Inqe.4
Inqe.5
Advantages
12
Note : regrading inequality condition (3)
e < k b 1 * (M __ σ* zt )
Due to sustain load (self weight
Due to total service load ɳFi +super imposed load)
13
4.6 HELPFUL DESIGN HINTS
14
4.6 HELPFUL DESIGN HINTS
Once final Fi and e are obtained, a recheck must be done for condition(1)
through (5) to insure that code requirement are satisfied.
15
4.7 HELPFUL DESIGN HINTS
2) solve conditions (1) & (4) ( 2 equation with two unknown ) , and obtain
the value of Fi and e , round up the number of strand & compute actual Fi
and the corresponding e, then recheck conditions 2,3 and 5
If this trail fails try the a final trail
3) solve conditions (5) & (3) ( 2 equation with two unknown ) , and obtain
the value of Fi and e , round up the number of strand & compute actual Fi
and the corresponding e, then recheck conditions 1,2 and 4
If the final trail fails to satisfy the stress condition this lead to the
conclusion that the cross section is small to handle the applied loads
And required ( minimum) section modulus need to be calculated).
For preliminary design a set of equation are given that gives roughly
estimated value for start up design as follow:
1.2 * ΔM
For (Fi) (Fi)min = *
γ * h
Where:
17
Preliminary design
-In case the cross section was not given the following values are given
for estimating the value of γ
1) For rectangular shape γ =1/3
2) For T- beam section γ =0.4
3) For box girder shape γ =0.55
18
Ex
19
20
4.8 USE OF STRESS INEQUALITY CONDITIONS FOR
THE DESIGN OF SECTION PROPERITES
kt
1) when the slope (a) for condition(1) > condition (3)
1/Fi
kb
Inqe.1
Inqe.2
Inqe.3
Inqe.4 e(+)
Inqe.5
21
4.8 USE OF STRESS INEQUALITY CONDITIONS FOR
THE DESIGN OF SECTION PROPERITES
e(+)
3) when the emp lies above the domain
22
Inqe.1
Inqe.2
Inqe.3
Inqe.4
Inqe.5
4.8 USE OF STRESS INEQUALITY CONDITIONS FOR
THE DESIGN OF SECTION PROPERITES
In such cases the required (minimum) section modulus (Z) is calculated for
both bottom and top fiber
The following assumptions are taken to facilitate the dervations:
1) Mmax _, σcs control the design for condition 3
23
4.8 USE OF STRESS INEQUALITY CONDITIONS FOR
THE DESIGN OF SECTION PROPERITES
24
4.8 USE OF STRESS INEQUALITY CONDITIONS FOR
THE DESIGN OF SECTION PROPERITES
(zt)req) = ΔM + (1-ɳ)MG
*
σci - ɳ σ ts
25
Magnel Diagram
Top face
Toward minimum Pi
y1 kt * pt14
x
x 1/Pi
pt12 Practical feasible domain
x
y2 kb
pt13 Minimum practical Pi
*
pt11 x
emp
* (hc)min
Bottom face
Minimum Pi
e
2
6
Methods of Prestressing
azlanfka/utm05/mab1053 27
Design for
Class 1&2
azlanfka/utm05/mab1053 28
Inequalities for Zt and Zb
Re-arranging the
Zt
M s M i )
f )
above inequalities by
combining, the
expressions for Zt and max f '
min
Zb can be obtained.
M s M i )
These two inequalities
may be used to
Zb
f f min )
estimate the
'
preliminary section for
max
design.
azlanfka/utm05/mab1053 29
Magnel Diagram 1
3 4
108
Pi
2
azlanfka/utm05/mab1053 30