Lecture Title

Presenter’s Name
w/Credentials
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Purpose of Public
Health
• Provide disease
control and prevention
• Assure air and water
quality
• Promote healthy
lifestyles

• PROMOTE HEALTH
& REDUCE HEALTH
Question 1
• What was the
average life
expectancy for men
and women in the
year 1900 in the
United States?
– A. 46 / 48
– B. 75 / 89
– C. 100 / 100
– D. 67 / 71
Question 1
 The Correct Answer
is A. The average life
expectancy in the
year 1900 was
 46.3 - Males
 48.3 - Females

 1998
 73.8 - Males
 79.5 - Females
People are living longer!
Drugs and medical care

+5 years
Public Health impact

+25 years
Question 2 Which plot point coincides
with an epidemic?

D A C
Public Health achievements in the 20th century

Immunizations
have virtually
eliminated:
 Smallpox
 Diphtheria
 Pertussis
 Tetanus
 Polio
 Measles
 Rubella
Public Health achievements in
the 20th century
Just imagine, in 1900, over 30% of
all deaths occurred among children
younger than 5 years old, primarily
from infectious diseases.

Today, that thought is staggering.

Public health initiatives such as
immunizations, improved sanitation,
clean water, and improved food
safety have virtually eliminated a
myriad of infectious diseases
including typhoid and cholera—two
major causes of illness and death
early in the 20th century.
• Infectious disease control

13
Safe and
healthier foods
are now commonplace
because of:
 Hand washing
 Sanitation
 Refrigeration
 Pasteurization
 Pest control
 Healthier animal
care, feeding,
and processing
 Improved food
supply safety
Fluoridation
 Primary factor in the
decline of tooth decay
 Benefits all, regardless
of age, education, or
income
 Question 4 Which of the following is
the leading cause of death in the
United States?

A C

B D
 Question 4 Which of the following is
the leading cause of death in the
United States?

A C

B D
 A
Since 1950, age-adjusted death rates
from cardiovascular disease have
declined 60%, representing one of
the most important public health
achievements of the 20th century.
Despite the remarkable progress,
heart disease and stroke remain
leading causes of disability and
death in our country.

Together they still account for

approximately 40% of all deaths
today.
Public Health achievements in the 20th century
Coronary heart disease and
stroke
The leading cause of death in the U.S. despite
a 60% decrease in death rates since 1950.
20
5. What do the following chemicals
have in common?
1. Arsenic A. Carcinogens
2. Benzene B. Cause MR
3. Lead C. Found in H20

4. Formaldehyde D. Found in anatomy lab

5. Cadmium E. Found in Kryptonite

The correct answer is A
• These are 5 of the 90+ carcinogens found in
cigarette smoking
Recognition
of tobacco as
a health
hazard
 Smoking, once
socially acceptable,
is on the decline
among U.S. adults.
24
Motor vehicle safety
 1925–18 deaths
per million VMT
 1997–1.7 deaths
per million VMT

VMT: vehicle miles traveled

Motor vehicle safety
Public Health efforts have influenced:
 Increased seat belt use
 Vehicle safety improvements
 Traffic safety regulation
and enforcement
 Improved streets and highways
27
Mother and infant
mortality rates
 Maternal mortality rates down
99%
 Infant mortality rates down
90%

 Since the turn of the century,

maternal mortality rates have
decreased almost 99%, and
infant mortality more than
90%.
 In 1997, 28,045 infants died
before age one. Had the death
rate stayed at the early 1900
levels, 500,000 infants would
have died in 1997.
29
30
 Public Health achievements in the 20th century
Fluoridation of Drinking Water

 Began in 1945 to prevent tooth decay

 By 1999 reaches estimated 144 million in US
 Controversial but safe and inexpensive
 Strong professional support
 Benefits for children and adults
 Reaches all regardless of SES or access to care
 Reduced decay by40%-70% in children
 Reduced tooth loss in adults (40%- 60%)
 Effects in preventing osteoporosis (with exercise, Vit
D and calcium)
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32
 Public Health achievements in the 20th century

Workplace Safety
• Work-related health problems, e.g. coal workers'
pneumoconiosis (black lung), and silicosis --
common at the beginning of the century -- have
come under better control
• Severe injuries and deaths related to mining,
manufacturing, construction, and transportation also
decreased
• Since 1980, safer workplaces have resulted in a
reduction of approximately 40% in the rate of fatal
occupational injuries
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35
 Conclusions.
• Medicine and public health
advance together with its styles of
action.

• Satisfaction, well-being and

quality of life improvement of a
person (ill, in risk or apparently
healthful) and their surroundings
are fruit of a joint work of health
professionals and society.

• If yesterday we dedicated
ourselves to patient and risk,
today is necessary to see people
in his integrity, with a human and
holistic base, harnessing his
capacities, so that it can face the
challenges of environment.
Conclusions...
• If we yesterday saw the
person in a clinical frame
today we must see it
beyond its surroundings: in
the scope that lives, studies
or work, with a holistic and
integrating approach.

• Enable and to do
participates person, the
community as far as health
self-management (Health
promotion): this it is defied
that public health
professionals should face.
 Thank you
Please feel free to reach out
to myself via email with any
questions.
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