Control Valve

Characteristic
Name: Nurul Syahirah binti Zulpikri
ID: 55213117231
 Inherent Control Valve Installed
characteristic Characteristic characteristic
 • Inherent flow characteristic is
determine under laboratory conditions
by testing the valve flow versus valve
lift or travel using a constant
differential pressure drop across the
valve throughout the test.

Inherent • Inherent flow characteristic for each of

control valve are published by
manufacturers and they are
standardized for a fixed pressure drop
as defined by the use of the valve flow
coefficient values, Cv
 Inherent

Linear
characteristic

Fast opening Equal percentage

characteristic characteristic
• Relationship between
percentage of rated Cv (max)
versus percent of rated travel
or lift

• The curves indicate the

approximate percentage of
full Cv that will established if
the control valve were
operating with a constant
pressure differential
 Linear Characteristic

• Linear flow characteristic is simply a proportional relationship between the flow rate and
valve travel.
• A linear valve achieves this by having a linear relationship between the valve lift and the
orifice pass area (For example, at 40% valve lift, a 40% orifice size allows 40% of the full
flow to pass.)
• Control valves with linear characteristic are often specified for liquid level control where
pressure drop is near constant due to the head of liquid.
• It could also be used for recycle pressure controls on compressors for the same reason that
differential pressure remains constant over the operating load range
 Equal Percentage Characteristic

• These valves have a valve plug shaped so that each increment in valve lift increases the
flowrate by a certain percentage of the previous flow.
• Designed to make the rate of increase of Cv proportional to the percentage opening of the
valve.
• It is the flow characteristic that most commonly selected for control applications because it
compensates very effectively for decreasing pressure differentials as flowrate increases
• This flow characteristic response from a valve is good for control because it gives relatively
small increments in Cv in the beginning but has good capacity as the valve opens at a faster
rate.
• This characteristic also provides for high rangeability in a control valve since it provides fine
adjustment for the Cv at low flow rates.
 Fast Opening Characteristic

• The fast opening characteristic valve plug will give a large change in flowrate for a small
valve lift from the closed position.
• Provides the majority of the flow early in the opening travel of the valve.
• The curve is basically linear through the first 40 percent of valve plug travel and then
flattens out noticeably to indicate little increase in flowrate as travel approaches the wide
open position
• Often used for on/off applications where significant flowrate must be established quickly as
the valve begins to open
 • This could be regarded as the actual
flow characteristic of the control valve

• Because it is determined for each

installation by the actual differential
Installed pressure drop across the valve when in
service
Characteristic
• In operation, the differential pressure
across the control valve varies
throughout the valve position due to
the system characteristics
 • When the control valve is wide open, the
flow will be at its maximum value.

• Moving the control valve in the closing

direction causes the flow to decrease.

• As soon as the flow starts to decrease, the

pressure drop across the valve tends to
increase, resisting the decrease in flow
through the valve.

• The result of this interaction between

control valve and system produces a nearly
linear installed characteristic.

Installed characteristic of an equal percentage valve in

the system