HYDRAULIC FLOW UNITS

2017
RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION
LITERATURE REVIEW
 HYDRAULIC FLOW UNITS

(ARCHIE,1950)

UNITS OF ROCK DEPOSITED

UNDER SIMILAR CONDITIONS
WHICH EXPERIENCED
SIMILAR DIAGENETIC
PROCESSES RESULTING IN A
UNIQUE POROSITY-
PERMEABILITY
RELATIONSHIP,CAPILLARY
PRESSURE PROFILE AND
WATER SATURATION FOR A
GIVEN HEIGHT ABOVE FREE
WATER IN A RESERVOIR
ROCK TYPE CATEGORIES
HYDRAULIC
HYDRAULIC FLOW UNITS
Definition
HYDRAULIC FLOW UNIT
 Reservoir Flow Units

• Control horizontal and

vertical fluid movement
• Correlatible over
significant lateral extent
• Identified based on similarity
in physical properties, facies
and key reservoir parameters
• Data sources include seismic,
well logs, cores, outcrops
and well tests
• Particularly important in
secondary recovery and EOR
 Flow Unit Architecture

• Layer-cake type
Simple, deterministic
1 well / square km
• Jig-Saw Type
Intermediate
• Labyrinth Type
Complex, stochastic
30 well / square km
Flow Unit Stratigraphic Scale
ROCK TYPING
PROCEDURE
ROCK TYPING PROCEDURE
 Vertical Sweep Efficiency
For Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Heterogeneity coefficient
Dykstra-Parsons (permeability variation) VDP
• Arrange data in descending order of k
• Plot log k vs % greater than
• Draw best-fit line
• Read k50% and k84.1% Log k
• Calculate VDP:

VDP = (k50% - k84.1%) / k50%

% Greater than
 FLOW UNIT TRISAKTI
Sumur – Nasya-25

Top 1460’ SD

Bottom 1460’ SD

Keterangan :
HU 4, Modification K=10 & RD=2.55
HU 3, modification K=10 & RD=4.27
HU 2, Modification K=10 & RD=6
HU 1, Modification K=10 & RD=8.85
K = Konstanta (KC)
RD = Pembundaran (Roundess)
Estimating Permeability
Estimating Permeability
Estimating Permeability
 Estimating Conductivity
Kozeny – Carman Equation
• Kozeny used bundle of capillary tubes model to derive an
expression for permeability in terms of a constant (c) and
the grain size (d)

Kozeny – Carman eq.

• So how do we get the parameters we need for this

equation?
 For porous media composed of granules that are not spherical,
the average granule diameter, dg, can be taken as

where Ag and Vg are the surface area and the volume of the
granule, respectively.
Particle size and surface area
Using the labeling of the general prism diagram above,
a formula can be created for dealing with the surface
area of prisms.
Let's calculate the area of each surface.

Prism Surface Area Formula

Top : lw
Bottom : lw
Front : hl
Back : hl
Left : hw
Right : hw
Total : lw + lw + hl + hl + hw + hw
: 2lw + 2hl + 2hw
: 2(lw + hl + hw)
Example 1: Given l = 4 yds, w = 2 yds, and h = 5 yds, the surface area would be...

SA = 2(lw + hl + hw)
SA = 2[(4 yds)(2 yds) + (5 yds)(4 yds) + (5 yds)(2 yds)]
SA = 2(8 yds2 + 20 yds2 + 10 yds2)
SA = 2(38 yds2)
SA = 76 yds2

Example 2: Given l = 6 mm, w = 9 mm, and h = 8 mm, the surface area would be...

SA = 2(lw + hl + hw)
SA = 2[(6 mm)(9 mm) + (8 mm)(6 mm) + (8 mm)(9 mm)]
SA = 2(54 mm2 + 48 mm2 + 72 mm2)
SA = 2(174 mm2) = 348 mm2
Generalizes the relationship between
grain size and grain surface area
Nitrogen absorption measurements comparing specific
surface areas of quartz and various clay minerals
Relationship between specific surface area
and grain size from gas adsorption method.

Particle size and specific surface area

in Silica case (BET)