DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

CLUTCH PLATE USING STYRENE

BASED OPEN MOULDING PROCESS
 ABSTRACT
• In present year’s natural fiber composite material locale a major role in
industries like aerospace and automobile. The natural fiber is amplified by
hook up with plastics. The ample availability of natural fibers such as coir,
Aleo Vera, Palm fiber ramie, sisal, jute, banana, bagasse etc.
• Common matrix materials include styrene, phenolic, polyester,
polyurethane vinyl ester etc.
• The composites formed by fibres gained attention due to their low cost,
light weight, renewability, low density, high specific strength, non
abrasivity, non toxicity and biodegradability etc.
• In this paper discussed the Composite material Plate by using agave
tequilana with Styrene composite and to evaluate the Mechanical
properties of clutch plate (Tensile strength, Hardness, Toughness
Examination).
 INTRODUCTION
• Styrene composite materials consist of fibers of high strength
and modulus embedded in or bonded to a matrix with distinct
interfaces (boundaries) between them. In this form, both fibers
and matrix retain their physical and chemical identities, yet
they produce a combination of properties that cannot be
achieved with either of the constituents acting alone.
• The most common form in which agave tequilana composites
are used in structural applications is called a laminate, which is
made by stacking a number of thin layers of fibers and matrix
and consolidating them into the desired thickness. Fiber
orientation in each layer as well as the stacking sequence of
various layers in a composite laminate can be controlled to
generate a wide range of physical and mechanical properties
for the composite laminate.
 OBJECTIVES
• Extraction of Natural fibers such as agave
tequilana.
• Pre-treatment of the extracted fibers for the
improvement of surface morphology.
• Fabrication of bio-composites using Natural
Fibres as reinforcements and styrene as matrix.
• To evaluate the Mechanical properties of Bio-
Composites.[Tensile, hardness, toughness]
• Fabrications of a clutch plate using this Bio-
composite.
 NAME REFERENCE
A agave tequilana fiber hybrid laminated spring is
constructed. A general discussion on analysis and design of
Bernal.E constant width, variables thickness, and composite clutch
plate is presented. The fundamental characteristics of the
double tapered FRP beam are evaluated for clutch plate
application. Recent development have been achieved in
the field of materials improvements and quality assured
for composite clutch plate based on micro structure
mechanism. All these literature report that the cost of
composite clutch plate is higher than that of steel clutch
plate Hence an attempt has been made to fabricate
the composite clutch plate with the same cost as that of
steel clutch plate
He investigated the formulation and solution technique
Rajendran I et al,2002 using genetic algorithms (GA) for design optimization of
composite clutch plate
 NAME REFERENCE

Analysis and Prediction of large composite

Miravete. A, Castejon. L, Bielsa.J et al
2009).
Gatenholm et al.2011
Structures, 1990.Material properties and
design of composite structures are
reported in many literatures. Very little
information is available in connection
with finite element analysis of clutch plate
in the literature, than too in 2D analysis of
clutch plate.
studied the nature of adhesion in
composites of modified agave tequilana
fibers and polypropylene. agave tequilana
fibers were surface-modified with
polypropylene maleic-anhydride
copolymer and characterized by contact
angle measurement, ESCA, FTIR, and SEM
techniques.
PROCESS FLOW
 COMPOSITES

Composites are one of the most advanced and adaptable

engineering materials known to men. Progresses in the field of
materials science and technology have given birth to these
fascinating and wonderful materials. Composites are
heterogeneous in nature, created by the assembly of two or
more components with fillers or agave tequilana fibers and a
compactable matrix. The matrix may be metallic, ceramic or
polymeric in origin.
AGAVE TEQUILANA FIBER IMAGE
PROPERTIES OF AGAVE TEQUILANA
PROPERTIES VALUE

Density 0.85-1.1 g/cm³

Tensile strength 175-203 MPa

Young’s modulus 1.85-3.70 GPa

Elongation 1.92-3.50 %
STYRENE
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
 Clutch plate material
Conventional Two wheeler clutch plate
component -Ceramic material
 COMPOSITION

AGAVE FIBER -45%

STYERENE -55%
PLASTIC OPEN MOULDING MACHINE
 DIE MAKING
• The tooling involved in plastic moulding is quite
similar to that of stamping dies. The principal
difference is that stamping requires force, while
molding does not. In plastic moulding, two units
are required whose design is such that, when
brought together, they make up a system of closed
cavities linked to a central orifice. Liquid plastic
is forced through the orifice and into the cavities,
or molds, and when the plastic solidifies, the
molds open and the finished parts are ejected.
Die image
 TESTING PROCESS
• HARDNESS
• TENSILE STRENGTH
• WEAR TEST
MODERN FIBER CLUTCH PLATE
 APPLICATIONS
• AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS
• CORROSION RESISTING AREAS
• TIDAL POWER PLANT COMPONENTS.
Advantages of fiber composite
• As molded dimensional accuracy. Tight tolerance,
repeatable moldings.
• Chemical Resistance.
• Consolidated Parts and Function.
• Corrosion Resistance.
• Design Flexibility.
• Durable.
• High Flexural Modulus to Carry Demanding
Loads. High Impact Strength.
• High Performance at Elevated Temperatures.
 REFERENCE
• Nabi D.S. and Jog J.P.: “Natural fibre polymer composites”,
Advanced in Polymer Technology, Vol.18, No.4351-363(19 99)
• ] Kathleen V.V., Kiekens P.,“Thermoplastic pultrusion of natural
fibre reinforced composites”, Composite structures 54 (2001)
355-360.
• Satyanarayana, K. G., K. Sukumaran, P. S. Mukherjee, C.
Pavithran and S. G. K. Pillai. (1990),
• Gowda, T. M. Naidu, A. C. B. Chhaya, R. (1999) Some
Mechanical Properties of Untreated Jute
Fabric-Reinforced Polyester Composites, Journal of
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 30(3),
pp. 277–284.