NON- COMMUNICABLE

DISEASES
ALLERGY AND ASTHMA
NATURE OF NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES (NCD)
•Are not caused by pathogens or
disease-causing organisms such as
bacteria or viruses, but rather, by how
people live, by the conditions with
which they are born or by the hazards
around them.
NATURE OF NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES (NCD)

•It also includes diseases caused by

breakdown of the body tissues,
poor diet, environmental and
occupational hazards, stress and
tension.
COMMON NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
• Allergy
• Asthma
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Arthritis
• Kidney or Renal Failure
GROUP ACTIVITY:

• Direction: Think of everything you know

about Non- Communicable Diseases
(NCD). Write down words or phrases that
you can associate with the disease found
in the center of the circle. Then, discuss
your answers within your group.
GROUPS 1, 2 AND 3

ALLER
G Y
GROUPS 4, 5 AND 6

ASTHM
A
ALLERGY
• is a m isguided reaction to foreign
substances by the immune system. The
allergic reaction is misguided in that these
foreign substances are usually harmless.
• The substances that trigger allergy are
called ALLERGEN.
• EX. Pollens, dust, molds, dander and
certain
TYPES OF
ALLERGIES
A. HAY FEVER (ALLERGIC RHINITIS)
•Is the most common of the allergic
diseases and is characterized by
seasonal nasal symptoms that are due
to pollens.
•due to indoor allergens such as dust or
molds.
A. HAY FEVER (ALLERGIC RHINITIS)

•Symptoms result from the

inflammation of the tissues that line
the inside of the nose (mucus lining or
membranes) after allergens are
exhaled.
COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
• Runny nose
• Stuffy nose
• Sneezing
• Nasal itching (rubbing)
• Itchy ears and throat
• Post nasal drip (throat
clearing)
B. ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS

•Is inflammationof the tissue

layers (membranes) that
cover the surface of the
eyeball and the undersurface
of the eyelid.
 COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Redness under the lids
and the eyes
•Watery, itchy eyes
•Swelling of the
membranes
C. ALLERGIC ECZEMA

•Is an allergic rash that

is usually caused by
skin contact with an
allergen.
COMMON SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
• Itching, redness, and dryness of the
skin
• Rash on the face, especially among
children
• Rash around the eyes, in the elbow,
and behind knees, especially in
adults.
D. HIVES (URTICARIA)
•Are skin reactions that appear as itchy
swellings and can occur on any
part ofthe body. Hives can be causedby
an allergic reaction, such as to a food
or medication,but they also may occur
in non-allergic people.
COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

•Raised red welts or

swollen mark
•Intense itching
5. ALLERGIC SHOCK OR (ANAPHYLACTIC
SHOCK)

•Is a life-threateningreaction
that can affect a number of
organs at the same time. It
typically occurs when the
allergen is eaten (for example,
foods) or injected (for example,
a bee sting).
5. ALLERGIC SHOCK OR (ANAPHYLACTIC
SHOCK)

•Allergic shock is caused by

dilated and leaky blood
vessels, which result in a
drop in blood pressure.
COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Hives or reddish discoloration of the skin
• Nasal congestion
• Swelling of the throat
• Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting
• Shortness of breath, wheezing (breathed with a
whistling sound
in the chest)
• Low blood pressure
2. ASTHMA
• Is a chronic lung disorder that causes
airways to become inflamed, which
means that they swell and produce lots
of thick mucus. The muscles
surrounding the airways also tend to
tighten, which makes the already
clogged airways even narrower.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Coughing
• Chest tightness