ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT PRESENTATION

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

(2161901)
TOPIC
AIR CYCLE REFRIGERATION – (A) REV CARNOT (B) BELL
COLEMAN

GUIDED BY
PROF. MRUGESH KHATRI

PREPARED BY
MECHANICAL – 6B3
MALAV PATHAK(160120119099)
 Bell-Coleman cycle

 Components of Bell-Coleman
cycle refrigeration system:

1. Air Compressor
2. Heat Exchanger
3. Air Regulator
4. Evaporator (Cabin)
 Working of Bell-Coleman cycle:
1. Isentropic compression process

2. Constant pressure cooling process

3. Isentropic expansion process

4. Constant pressure expansion process

  Working of Bell-Coleman cycle

1. Isentropic compression process: The cold air from the refrigerator or

atmosphere is drawn into the compressor cylinder where it is
compressed isentropically in the compressor as shown by the curve 1-2
on p-v and T-s diagrams. During the compression stroke, both the
pressure and temperature increases and the specific volume of air at
delivery from compressor reduce from v1 to v2. We know that during
isentropic compression process, no heat is absorbed or rejected by the
air.

2. Constant pressure cooling process: The warm air from the compressor
is now passed into the cooler where it is cooled at constant pressure P3
(equal to P2), reducing the temperature from T2 to T3 (the temperature
of cooling water) as shown by the curve 2-3 on p-v and T-s diagrams. The
specific volume also reduces from v2 to v3.
 Isentropic expansion process: The air from the cooler is now drawn
into the expander cylinder where it is expanded isentropically from
pressure P3 to the refrigerator pressure P4 which is equal to the
atmospheric pressure. The temperature of the air during expansion
falls from T3 to T4 shown by the curve 3-4 on p-v and T-s diagrams.
The specific volume of air at entry to the refrigerator increases from
v3 to v4. We know that during isentropic expansion of air, no head is
absorbed or rejected by the air.

 Constant pressure expansion process: The cold air from the

expander is now passed to the refrigerator where it is expanded at
constant pressure P4 (equal to P1). The temperature of air increases
from T4to T1. This process is shown by the curve 4- 1on p-v and T-s
diagrams. Due to heat from the refrigerator, the specific volume of
the air changes from v4 to v1
 Merits of air refrigerant system:

 Air is easily available

 It is cheap
 Weight per TR is low and hence ideal for aircraft refrigeration
 No leakage problem
 It is non-flammable and non-toxic refrigerant
 Low maintenance cost
 System is very simple
 Demerits of air refrigerant system:

 It absorbs heat as sensible heat only, hence mass flow

rate required is more as compared to other refrigerants.
 Low COP
 Freezing of moisture at low temperature.
 Reversed Carnot Cycle:

 Reversing the Carnot cycle does reverse the directions of heat and
work interactions.

 A refrigerator or heat pump that operates on the reversed Carnot

cycle is called a Carnot refrigerator or a Carnot heat pump.

 The reversed Carnot cycle is the most efficient refrigeration cycle

operating between two specified temperature levels.

 It sets the highest theoretical COP.

 Working of reversed carnot cycle:
 (1-2) Adiabatic compression of the working
fluid with the aid of external work.The
temperature of the fluid rises from T2 to T1.

 (2-3) Isothermal compression of the working

fluid during which heat is rejected at constant
high temperatureT1.
 (3-4) Adiabatic expansion ofthe working
fluid.The temperature of the working fluid
falls from T2 to T1.
 (4-1) Isothermal expansion of air where
heat is absorbed at low temperature T2
from the space being cooled.
 COP for refrigerator:

 Practically, the reversed Carnot cycle cannot be used for

refrigeration purpose as the isentropic process requires very high
speed operation, whereas the isothermal process requires very
low speed operation.