At what stage factor of safety should be

incorporated ?
Factor of safety repeatability and reliability of
experiments.
A mother
Sale Sueprviosr
Safety engineer
1st World country
 Cost of human life

A mother who recently lost her only child

A sale supervisor who lost an employee
An R & D organization who lost that most
experienced researcher

Safety Engineer
NHTSA
According to a driver who ran over a kid
According to 1st Worl countires
According to 3rd world country
 Cost of human life

A mother who recently lost her only child

A sale supervisor who lost an employee
An R & D organization who lost that most
experienced researcher

Safety Engineer
NHTSA
According to a driver who ran over a kid
According to 1st World countries
According to 3rd world country
 We can all agree that it can not be
measured
• It has always been agreed that the rest is just
cooping mechanism
 To avoid such a loss
Many fields of study (crashworhitness , safetb city
approach )
Many governemnt insituations are formed (NHSTA)
Medical devices.
In context of this workshop
A lot of epole ar employed all over the world
But the core quesiton starts from the question:
Designner engineers
Factor of safety
• 1.2 safety factor does that mean that
airplanes are unsafe
Seat belts
Cost of human life
Ford pinto case
 Kalar kahar
The Kallar Kahar school bus accident was a
school bus road accident that occurred on 27
September 2011 near the town of Kallar Kahar
in the Chakwal District of Punjab, Pakistan. 37
people, mostly school students, were killed in
the disaster
 February 6 , 2014
Faulty ignition
1.4 million cars
13 deaths
 Question.
• Was factor of safety overlooked
• Was it difficult to trace. (verification and
validation was impossible to repeat)

• If you can not repeat it you havent really done

it
Sacrificial part
Paper
Loading Patterns
 Understadning how components fail
• Usually failure can be back traced for factor of
safety
• Ductile fracture
• Britlle fracture
Crashworthiness
Failure Analysis
where a load-bearing structure is particularly
exposed to damage. The

Why is it important to know the nature of failure

s