TYPES OF

SENTENCE
TYPES OF SENTENCE

• Simple Sentence
• Compound Sentence
• Complex Sentence
 1. SIMPLE SENTENCE
• SS or Clause is a group of words
containing one subject and one verb
• Some clauses can stand alone as a
sentence (Independent Clause)
• Some can’t (dependent clause)
• EXAMPLE: My leg hurts, He studies and
works, The students are learning
 Complement in Simple Sentence
• Can be noun, pronoun, adjective, or
adverb

• I study mathematics (Noun)

• We don’t understand him (Pronoun)
• His son is smart (adjective)
• It rained yesterday (adverb)
 Complement in Simple Sentence
• Can be noun phrase, verb phrase,
prepositonal phrase

• My brother has his own problems (Noun

Phrase)
• My friend wants to get married (Verb Phrase)
• The teacher is teaching in the classroom
(Prepositional Phrase)
 Prepositional Phrase
• A group of words begins with
preposition and ends with noun,
pronoun, or noun phrase
• From Bandung
• On 15th March
• In the Morning
• By the table
• By bus
• After her father
• Because of the rain
 It can be a combination
• We learn English in the classroom (Noun +
prepositional Phrase)
• She wants to get married next year (Verb
Phrase + Adverb)
• we struggle to deal with patterns of
phenomena that stretch the boundaries of
traditional physical science models (Verb
Phrase + Noun Phrase)
 SS can contain Expletive there
• That is “ there is” and “there are” ( to state
that something exists)

• There are some students in the classroom

• There is a strong demand for practical
knowledge among psychology’s audiences
• There was no lecture yesterday
 2. COMPOUND SENTENCE
• Composed of two simple sentences
(independent clause) joined together by a
comma and coordinating conjunction ( and,
but, or, so, nor, yet, for)
• The basic connectives in compound sentences
are and, or, and but
• It can also be connected with other
connectives which have similar meaning
 “And” type: connectives of results
• He had Therefore, • He had
passed his As a result, scholarship
examinations; Accordingly, from the
• The lecture Consequently, government
was very Thus, • The students
difficult to Hence, (give an learned hard
understand effect) by themselves
Futhermore,
In addition,
Similarly,
Likewise,
Admittedly
 “Or” type; Connectives of
Reformulation
• He said that he In other words, • He had been sick
had been To put it more
hospitalized for simply,
two weeks. It would be better to
• Ani is rather slow say, • She is taking a
at learning long time to
English. improve her
English
“But” type; Connectives of Concession
• The time available However, • It was possible to
for discussion was Nevertheless, ask some
very limited. Nonetheless, important
Yet, comments
In spite of that,
All the same,
• The thesis was And the other hand, • Rizki succeeded in
very complicated. Unfortunately, completing it in
time
 3. COMPLEX SENTENCE
• It Contains independent clause and
dependent clause
• Subordinating conjunction is used to join
independent and dependent clause.
• Three kinds of “dependent clauses”
• Dependent adjective clause
• Dependent adverb clause
• Dependent noun clause
 Complex Sentence with Noun Clause
• Yang menggantikan posisi noun
• I don’t know where he lives
• He said that there wasn’t any
lecture the day before yesterday
• He knows that he makes mistakes
occasionally
• Those problems are deciding
what to produce and how much
each person will consume
 Complex Sentence with adjective
Clauses
• Begins with who, whom, which, that
(Relative pronoun)

• The telephone number which is written

down is for the lecturer
• There are some things that I don’t
understand about academic writing
• The woman who is giving the opening
speech is quite famous.
Complex Sentence with Adverb Clause
• Tells why, when, or where, or introduce an
opposite idea.
• The teacher came late because (since, as) it was
raining (to tell why)
• To tell when, where; (when, whenever, since,
while, as soon as, after, before, wherever)
• My sister used to drink milk when she was in high
school
• My father was taken to the hospital as soon as he
became sick
• I was reading a novel while my father was writing
an email
• Anwar left the house after he had fed his pets
 Combine the sentences, using the second sentence as an adjective
clause. Discuss which patterns are used more commonly than others

1. She lectured on a topic. I know very little about it.

2. The students missed the assignment. They were absent from
class.
3. Yesterday I ran into an old friend. I hadn’t seen him for years.
4. The young women are all from Japan, we met them at the
meeting last night.
5. Iam reading a novel. It wass written by Jane Austen.
6. The man gave me good advice. I spoke to him.
7. I returned the money. I had borrowed it from my roommate.
8. The dogcatcher caught the dog. It had bitten my neighbor’s
daughter.
9. I read about a man, he keeps chickens in his apartment.
 All of these sentences contain errors in adjective
clause structures. Correct the errors
1. In our village, there were many people didn’t have
much money.
2. I enjoyed the book that you told me to read it.
3. I still remember the man who he taught me to play
the violin when I was a boy.
4. I showed my father a picture of the car I am going to
buy it as soon as I save enough money.
5. The woman about who I was talking about suddenly
walked into the room.
6. Almost all of the people appear on television wear
makeup.
7. I don’t like to spend time with people which loses
their temper easily.
8. The boy drew pictures of people at an airport which
was waiting for their planes.
Combine the sentences, using the word or phrase in
parentheses. Add commas where necessary.
1. All of the students had done poorly on the test. The teacher decided
to give it again. (since)
2. Cold air hovers near the earth. It is heavier than hot air. (because)
3. You paid for the theater tickets. Please let me pay for our dinner.
4. Larry is finally caught up on his work. He can start his vacation
tomorrow. (now that)
5. Our TV set was broken. We listened to the news on the radio.
6. My brother got married last month. He’s a married man now, so he
has more responsibilities.
7. Oil is an irreplaceable natural resource. We must do whatever we can
in order to conserve it.
8. Do you want to go for a walk? The rain has stopped.
9. Many young people move to the cities in search of employment.
There were few jobs available in the rural areas.
10. The civil war has ended. A new government is being formed.
 Complete the sentences. Punctuate
carefully.
1. Now that I’ve finally finished .....
2. The teacher didn’t .... Because ....
3. Since it’s too expensive to....
4. Jack can’t stay out all night with his friends
now that ......
5. Since we don’t have class tomorrow ...
 Complete the sentences by using
either even though or because
1. Tim’s in good shape physically ..... He doesn’t get much
exercise.
2. Larry in good shape physically ..... He gets a lot of exercise.
3. I put on my sunglasses .... It was a dark, cloudy day.
4. I put on my sunglasses... The sun was bright.
5. ...... Maria has a job, she doesn’t make enough money to
support her four children.
6. .......Anna has a job, she is able to pay her rent and provide
food for her family.
7. Susan didn’t learn Spanish.... She lived in Mexico for a
year.
8. Joe speaks Spanish well.... He lived in Mexico for a year.
 Complete the sentences. Discuss other ways of expressing the
same idea by moving the position of while or whereas
• Some people are fat, whereas ....
Some people are fat, whereas others are thin.
Whereas some people are fat, others are thin.
Some people are thin, whereas others are fat.
1. Some people are tall, whereas....
2. Some people prefer to live in the country, while ....
3. While some people know only their native language
....
4. A mouse is small, whereas .....
5. The climate at sea level at the equator is always hot,
whereas the climate at the North and South Poles .....
6. Some people ....., while .......
7. Some countries ....., whereas ......
 Make sentences from the given
possibilities. Use IF
• It may be cold tomorrow.
If it’s cold tomorrow, I’m going to stay home.
If it’s cold tomorrow, let’s go skating.
If it’s cold tomorrow, you should wear your wool
sweater.
We can’t go on a picnic if it’s cold tomorrow
1. May be it will be hot tomorrow.
2. May be you will have some free time tomorrow.
3. May be you will lock yourself out of y our
apartment.
 Next....
4. May be the sun will be shining when you get
up tomorrow morning.
5. You will probably be too tired to finish your
work today.
6. You might not have enough money to take
your trip next month.
7. We might continue to destroy our
environment.
 Change the question in parentheses to a noun clause
1. How old is he? I don’t know how old he is
2. What was he talking about? ... Was interesting.
3. Where do you live? Please tell me ...
4. What did she say? .....wasn’t true.
5. When are they coming? Do you know .....?
6. How much does it cost? I can’t remember .....
7. Which one does he want? Let’s ask him....
8. Who is coming to the party? I don’t know ....
9. Who are those people? I don’t know ....
10. Whose pen is this? Do you know .....?
11. Why did they leave the country? ..............is a secret.
12. What are we doing in class?..........is easy.
13. Where did she go? ......... Is none of your business.
14. How many letters are there in the English alphabet? I don’t remember .....
15. How old does a person have to get a a driver’s license? I need to find out
 Noun clauses beginning with
WHETHER or IF
• Does she need any help?
I wonder whether/if she needs any help.
• Where is he?
I wonder where he is.
1. Should we wait for him?
2. Who did take your dictionary?
3. Did you borrow my car?
4. Who is that woman?
5. Why is the sky blue?
1. How long does a butterfly live?
2. When was the first book written?
3. Is he having trouble?
4. Should you offer to help him
5. How far is it to jakarta?
6. Do we have enough time to go to Bali over
vacation?
7. Whose book is this?
8. Does it belong to you?
9. Why did dinosaurs become extinct?
10.Is there life on the other planets?
11.How did life begin?
12.Will people live on the moon someday?
 Correct the errors.
1. Please tell me what is your name
2. No one seems to know when will Maria arrive.
3. I wonder why was Bob late for class.
4. I don’t know what does that word mean.
5. I wonder does the teacher know the answer.
6. What should they do about the hole in their roof is their most pressing
problem.
7. I’ll ask her would she like some coffee or not.
8. Be sure to tell the doctor where does it hurt.
9. Why am I unhappy is something I can’t explain.
10. I wonder does Tom know about the meeting or not.
11. I need to know who is your teacher.
12. I don’t understand why is the car not running properly.
13. My young son wants to know where do the stars go in the daytime.
 Noun clauses beginning with THAT.
Complete the sentences.
1. It is my belief that the war between those two
countries will end soon.
2. It seems to me that .....
3. It is my impression that .....
4. It is my theory that .....
5. It is widely believed that ....
6. It is thought that .....
7. It has been said that .....
8. It is a miracle that ....
 A. Make an original sentence by using IT and the given expression.
B. Give the equivalent sentence by using a THAT-CLAUSE as the subject.
A. It is true that plants need water in order to grow.
B. That plants need water in order to grow is true.
1. A fact
2. Surprising
3. Obvious
4. Too bad
5. A well-known fact
6. Unfortunate
7. Strange
8. Unlikely
9. Undeniable
10. true
A that-clause is frequently used with the fact. Combine the
sentences using “ the fact that” to introduce a noun clause.
1. Ann was late. That didn’t surprise me. (the fact that Ann
was late didn’t surprise me)
2. Rosa didn’t come. That made me angry.
3. I’m a little tired. I feel fine except for that.
4. Natasha didn’t pass the entrance examination. She was
not admitted to the university due to that.
5. Many people in the world live in intolerable poverty. That
must must concern all of us.
6. Shahid is frequently absent from class. That indicates his
lack of interest in school.
7. I was supposed to bring my passport to the examination
for identification. I was not aware of that.
8. The people of the town were given no warning of the
approaching tornado. Due to that, there were many
casualties.