Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AND
HOW THEY OPERATE
BY
ADHIKARAMGE THILINA SUBHASH
HND CIVIL BATCH-08
CINEC CAMPUS
WHAT IS A PUMP ?
• Rotary
• Reciprocating
ROTARY PUMPS
• These pumps move fluid using a rotating mechanism that creates a vacuum that
captures and draws in the liquid.
• Rotary pumps are very efficient , because they can handle highly viscous fluids with
higher flow rates as viscosity increases
• The nature of the pump requires very close clearances between the rotating pump
and the outer edge, making it rotate at a slow, steady speed.
• If rotary pumps are operated at high speeds, the fluids cause erosion, which
eventually causes enlarged clearances that liquid can pass through, which reduces
efficiency.
TYPICAL ROTARY PUMPS ARE
• Many Lobe pumps are sold in industrial applications where low shear is
the main criteria, and sanitary construction is not important
• Properly sized and selected gear pumps can offer the same low shear
performance at about half the cost
• Customer gets an easier to maintain pump
• No Timing Gears
• Easily Rebuilt in the Field
APPLICATION OF A LOBE PUMP
• Polymers
• Paper coatings
• Soaps and surfactants
• Paints and dyes
• Rubber and adhesives
• Pharmaceuticals
• Food applications
OPERATION OF A GEAR PUMP
• As the gears rotate they separate on the intake side of the pump, creating a
void and suction which is filled by fluid.
• The fluid is carried by the gears to the discharge side of the pump, where
the meshing of the gears displaces the fluid.
ADVANTAGES OF A GEAR PUMP
• pump that use one or several screws to move fluids or solids along the
screw(s) axis. In its simplest form (the Archimedes' screw pump), a single
screw rotates in a cylindrical cavity, thereby moving the material along the
screw's spindle.
ADVANTAGES OF A SCREW PUMP
• As the rotor turns the vane moves outward at the intake port creating a
void/drawing liquid in
• Fluid is transferred between vanes
• At the outlet, fluid is discharged as pumping chamber is squeezed (and
vanes forced back)
ADVANTAGES OF A VANE PUMP
• Reciprocating pumps move the fluid using one or more oscillating pistons,
plungers, or membranes (diaphragms), while valves restrict fluid motion to the
desired direction.
• In order for suction to take place, the pump must first pull the plunger in an
outward motion to decrease pressure in the chamber.
• Once the plunger pushes back, it will increase the pressure chamber and the
inward pressure of the plunger will then open the discharge valve and release the
fluid into the delivery pipe at a high velocity.
TYPICAL RECIPROCATING PUMPS ARE
• Used to make air pumps for the filters on small fish tanks
• Used in pumping slurries and wastewater in shallow depths
• Smaller models are typically used in chemical metering or dosing
applications
• Larger models of this pump type are used to move heavy sludge and
debris-filled wastes from trenches and catch basins
OPERATION OF A PISTON / PLUNGER PUMP
• Piston pumps and plunger pumps are reciprocating pumps that use a
plunger or piston to move media through a cylindrical chamber.
• The plunger or piston is actuated by a steam powered, pneumatic,
hydraulic, or electric drive.
ADVANTAGES OF A PISTON / PLUNGER PUMP
• High reliability
• Ability to develop high pressures in a single stage
• Easily controlled by stroke adjustment or variable speed
• Capable of almost any pressure and of large flow capacity
APPLICATION OF A PISTON / PLUNGER PUMP
• Automotive sector
• Hydraulic system of jet air craft
• Oil industry
• High pressure units
• Test rigs
DYNAMIC PUMPS
• These are most recognized centrifugal and axial type pumps and are
operated by developing a high liquid velocity, which is converted to
pressure in a diffusing flow passage.
• These pumps generally are lower in efficiency than positive displacement
pumps. However they do operate at relatively higher speeds, thus
providing higher flow rates in relation to the physical size of the pumps
DYNAMIC PUMPS CAN BE DIVIDED IN THREE
MAIN CLASSES
• A type of pump that mixes features of radial flow and axial flow pumps.
• Radial flow pumps are in-line centrifugal pumps that operate on a
horizontal plane in relation to the flow direction of the water. Axial flow
pumps are the opposite—they are in-line pumps that work on a vertical
plane in relation to the water. Mixed flow pumps are a cross between the
two. The impeller sits within the pipe and turns, but the turning mechanism
is essentially diagonal, using centrifugal force to move the water along
while accelerating it further with the push from the axial direction of the
impeller. This creates enough force to generate high rates of flow.
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