Week 2

Today’s objectives
 Dictation
 A quick revision
 Market Leader Exercises
 Discuss employment trends
 Page 45, exercise H. Skills for 21st century jobs
 Fill in the gaps with correct word forms
 Group presentation
 Each person choose a work type and present individually
Dictation
 Employers want people who are responsible, have good
organisational skills, can work independently and have
intercultural competence.
 Employees need to make themselves indispensable
and express ideas in a compelling manner to elicit
the desired response from others.
 In the 21st century it is an increasingly volatile and
unpredictable world.
Quick revision...
 Adjective give extra meaning to the noun.
The beautiful girl
Article Adjective Noun

 Adverb gives extra information to the verb.

The beautiful girl happily walked to school.
Article Adjective Noun Adverb Verb Preposition Noun
Adverbs
Adverbs are words that describe or modify verbs and sometimes
adjectives and other adverbs. They often answer the questions HOW,
WHERE, or WHEN.

For example:

 Even after one year of lessons, Luke plays the piano badly.

“Badly” is an adverb that modifies the verb “play” and tells us how Luke
plays.

 The class is very difficult. Many students don’t pass it.

“Very” is an adverb that modifies the adjective “difficult” and tells us how
difficult the class is.
Adverbs – Front Position
 Used to link to the previous sentence.

“She prepared a speech for the occasion. However, she didn’t

need to use it.”

 Used as “comment” adverbs (fortunately, understandably,

frankly, etc).

“Luckily, I remembered to bring my jacket.”

 Used to emphasise time (today, tomorrow, later, etc)

“Yesterday I worked 12 hours.”

Adverbs – Mid Position
The most common use of adverbs is to modify adjectives. The
adverb comes before the adjective:

“a mutually successful outcome.”

“a highly damaging report.”

Adverbs in this position:

 Adverbs of indefinite frequency (e.g. almost always, often,

occasionally, seldom, hardly ever, etc)

 Adverbs of degree and certainty (e.g. probably, possibly,

certainly, etc)

 Adverbs of time (already, just, now, soon, etc)

Adverbs – Final Position
The most frequent position for adverbs is the end of the sentence.
There are two types:

 Adverbs of manner (focusing on how something is done, e.g.

quickly, badly, fast, well)
 Tim ate his food quickly.

 Adverbs of place (e.g. in the city, by the door)

 Susan sat by the door.

When more than one type of adverb is used, the order is usually:
manner, place, time.

They worked hard in the training session all day.

Adverbs
deeply fortunately strongly

1. ____________ we were able to begin on time,

otherwise we would have missed lunch.
2. Scientists _________ believe that we should stop
eating battery farm chicken.
Placing adverbs (mark with an arrow).
 This has been a beneficial and rewarding lesson.
(mutually)
 We have negotiated our way into a business
opportunity. (successfully)
 I would miss the exam given half a chance. (happily)
 This could be the most important opportunity of your
lives. (really)
The 5 Types of Adverbs
1. Adverbs of Manner: Provide information on how
someone does something.
e.g. Jack drives very carefully.

2. Adverbs of Time: Provide information on when

something happens.
e.g. We'll let you know our decision next week.

3. Adverbs of Frequency: Provide information on how

often something happens.
e.g. They usually get to work at eight o'clock.
The 5 Types of Adverbs
4. Adverbs of Degree: Provide information concerning
how much of something is done.
e.g. They like playing golf a lot.

5. Adverbs of Comment: Provide a comment, or

opinion about a situation.
e.g. Fortunately, there were enough seats left for
the concert.
Adjectives
We use adjectives to describe nouns. Most adjectives can
be used in front of a noun:

They have a beautiful house.

We saw a very exciting film last night.

…or after a link verb like be, look or feel:

Their house is beautiful.

That film looks interesting.
Adjectives
 A lot of adjectives are made from verbs by adding -ing or -ed:

I read a very interesting article in the newspaper today.

That Dracula film was absolutely terrifying.

If something annoys you, you can say you feel annoyed.

The children had nothing to do. They were bored.

Common “-ing” adjectives: amusing, shocking, surprising,

frightening, interesting, disappointing, exciting, tiring, worrying,
boring, terrifying, annoying

Common “-ed” adjectives: annoyed, bored, frightened, worried,

tired, closed, excited, delighted, disappointed
Order of Adjectives
 Sometimes we use more than one adjective in front of
a noun:

He was a nice intelligent young man.

She had a small round black wooden box.

It is very unusual to have more than three adjectives.

Adjectives usually come in this order:
Adverbs and Adjectives
 Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form:

Daily flights describe the

There are daily flights to Madrid.
Flights go to Madrid daily.
The team are hard workers.
The team work hard.
type of flights = adjective.
Whereas flights that go
daily describe how often
they go = adverb
Adverbs and Adjectives
 Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form but
different meanings:
Pretty describes the design
The design was very pretty. = adjective.

That was a pretty interesting discussion. Pretty describes the

discussion = adverb

He’s very well today.

She can speak English very well.
Changing words…
 Can change forms (but not all forms of all words are possible):

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Qualification To qualify Qualified -

Knowledge To know Knowledgeable Knowledgeably

Success To succeed Successful Successfully

Prediction To predict Predictable Predictably

Your turn!
 Unit 5 Advertising
 Page 44, exercises B - I
Homework
 Practice File, page 20 (exercises A, B)
Websites to help you improve and
practice your English.
 http://chompchomp.com/exercises.htm
 www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish
 http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar-
and-vocabulary