 TOTAL-4260MW

 STAGES:-
 STAGE1-6X210MW
 STAGE2-2X500MW
 STAGE3-2X500MW
 STAGE4-2X500MW
 COAL USED-BITUMILOUS
 CARBON CONTENT-75% TO 85%
 CALAROFIC VALUE-7000K CAL/KG.
 SIZE WHEN FEED IN FURNACE-200 MESH(200
HOLES PER INCH SQUARE)
FROM RH
TURBINE LAYOUT

CRH

EXCI
GENERATOR
TER
4 5 6
1 2 3 LPT
IPT
HPT - 2X6

TO LP HEATERS

CONDEN
LPBYPASS
 Turbine is an
engine that
converts energy of
fluid into
mechanical energy
 The steam turbine
is steam driven
rotary engine.
 The first „turbine” was made
by Hero of Alexandria in the
second century
 In the end of XVIII century the
Industrial Revolution began (in
1770 first reciprocating piston
steam engine invented by
Thomas Newcomen and
invented by James Watt
started its work)
 The first steam turbines were
constructed in 1883 by Dr
Gustaf de Laval and in 1884 by
sir Charles Parsons
 In1896 Charles Curtis received
a patent on impulse turbine
 In 1910 was created radial
turbine (Ljungström)
Working fluid Heat
Source

circulates in a
closed circuit and Heat

does not cause Exchanger

corrosion or erosion G

Generator
Turbine
Any fuel, nuclear
Compress
or

or solar energy can

be used Condensate
from
Process

Steam to
Process
 Impulse stage – whole
pressure drop in nozzle
(whole enthalpy drop is
changed into kinetic
energy in the nozzle)
 Reaction stage – pressure
drop both in stationary
blades and in rotary
blades (enthalpy drop
changed into kinetic
energy both in stationary
blades and in the moving
blades in rotor)
a) way of energy
conversion
- impulse turbines
- reaction turbines
b) flow direction
- axial
- radial
c) number of
stages
- single stage
- multi-stage
d) rotational speed
- regular
- low-speed
- high-speed
e) inlet steam pressure
- high pressure (p>6,5MPa)
- intermediate
pressure(2,5MPa
<p<6,5MPa)
- low-pressure (p<2,5MPa)
f) way of energy
utilisation
- condensing
- extraction
- back-pressure
g) application
- power
station
- industrial
- transport
 CASING

 ROTOR

 BLADES

 SEALING SYSTEM

 STOP & CONTROL VALVES

 COUPLINGS & BEARINGS

 BARRING GEAR
HP Turbine Casing:
 Outer casing: a barrel-type without axial or radial flange which
prevents mass accumulation with high thermal stresses.
 Barrel-type casing permits quick startup and high rate of change
of load.
 The inner casing : Cylindrical , Axially split.
 The inner casing is attached in the horizontal and vertical planes
in the barrel casing so that it can freely expand radially in all
directions and axially from a fixed point (HP-inlet side).
 The casing of the IP turbine is split horizontally and is of
double-shell construction.
 Both are axially split and a double flow inner casing is
supported in the outer casing and carries the guide
blades.
 Provides opposed double flow in the two blade sections
and compensates axial thrust.
 Steam after reheating enters the inner casing from Top &
Bottom.

 Outer casing is subjected to only low pressure and low

temperature conditions
 The LP turbine casing consists of a double flow unit and
has a triple shell welded casing.
 The shells are axially split and of rigid welded
construction.
 The inner shell taking the first rows of guide blades, is
attached in the middle shell.
 Independent of the outer shell, the middle shell, is
supported at four points on longitudinal beams.
 Steam admitted to the LP turbine from the IP turbine
flows into the inner casing from both sides.
October 24, 2010 19
Purpose: To take care of thermal expansions and
contractions of the machine during thermal cycling.

The fixed points of the turbine are as follows:

 The bearing housing between the IP and LP turbines.

 The rear bearing housing of the IP turbine.

 The longitudinal beam of the I.P turbine.

 The thrust bearing in rear bearing casing of H.P turbine.

HP Rotor:
 The HP rotor is machined from a single Cr-Mo-V steel forging
with integral discs.

 In all the moving wheels, balancing holes are machined to

reduce the pressure difference across them, which results in
reduction of axial thrust.

 First stage has integral shrouds while other rows have

shroudings, rivetted to the blades are periphery.
 The IP rotor has seven discs integrally forged
with rotor while last four discs are shrunk fit.

 The shaft is made of high creep resisting Cr-Mo-V

steel forging while the shrunk fit disc are
machined from high strength nickel steel
forgings.

 Except the last two wheels, all other wheels

have shrouding riveted at the tip of the blades.
To adjust the frequency of the moving blades,
lashing wires have been provided in some stages.
 The LP rotor consists of shrunk fit discs a shaft.

 The shaft is a forging of Cr-Mo-V steel while the discs are

of high strength nickel steel forgings.

 Blades are secured to the respective discs by riveted fork

root fastening.

 In all the stages lashing wires are providing to adjust the

frequency of blades. In the last two rows satellite strips
are provided at the leading edges of the blades to protect
them against wet steam erosion.
 Most costly element of turbine

 Blades fixed in stationary part are called guide

blades/nozzles and those fitted in moving part
are called rotating/working blades.

 Blades have three main parts

Aerofoil: working part
Root
Shrouds
 shroud are used to prevent steam leakage & to
guide steam to next set of moving blades.
 Three types of root arrangements are commonly used. They are (1) T-
roots: for small blades; (2) Fir Tree or serrated roots - for longer
blades; (3) Fork and Pin root: for longer blades shrunk on disc type
rotors.
 Integral shroud for are used for shorter blades and shrunk fitting for
larger blades.
 Lacing wires are also used to dampen the vibration and to match
frequencies in the longer blades.
 Since in the reaction type machine the pressure drop also occurs across
the moving blades it is necessary to provide effective sealing at the
blade tips.
Turbine Blades
 Large power achieved by relatively small size
 High efficiency
 Simple design
 High revolution
SECTIONAL ARRANGEMENT OF
CONVENTIONAL 3-CYLINDER
TURBINE
LP TURBINE
CONDENSER
 UPPER DOME WALL
DOME INTERNAL
STIFFENING

LOWER DOME WALL

OUTLET
REAR WATER
NOZZLE
CHAMBER

REAR
FRONT WATER
WATER BOX
BOX

INLET SUPPORT
NOZZLE PLATE

CONDENSER
SOPPORTS
BOTTOM PLATE
FRONT WATER CHAMBER
 STEAM EJECTORS
Nozzle Convergent
divergent
diffuser

Discharge to condenser
Motive
steam

Non condensibile gases and

water vapour from condenser
De – Aerator
 TDBFP - Arrangement

MP C Turb C
GB
C BP
Feed Water Heater