Mean and Variance of the Sampling

Distribution of Sample Means

Lesson 2
Learning Competencies

• Find the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the

sample mean.
• Illustrate the properties of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean
• Define the sampling distribution of the sample mean for normal
population when the variance is:
a. known
b. unknown
Mean and Variance

• A population consists of the five numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

consider samples of size 2 that can be drawn from this population.
1. What is the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of
the sample mean?
2. Compare these values to the mean and variance of the
population.
3. Draw the histogram of the sampling distribution of the
population mean.
Compute the mean and variance of the
population
Mean:
Σ𝑋
𝜇=
𝑁
Variance:
2
Σ(𝑋 − 𝜇)
𝜎2 =
𝑁
Standard Deviation:

Σ(𝑋 − 𝜇)2
𝜎=
𝑁
Compute for the Mean and Variance of Sampling
Distribution of the Sample Means
• Complete the table below:
ഥ
𝑿 ഥ)
𝑷(𝑿 ഥ 𝑷(𝑿
𝑿 ഥ) ഥ−𝝁
𝑿 ഥ − 𝝁)𝟐
(𝑿 ഥ )(𝑿
𝑷(𝑿 ഥ − 𝝁)𝟐

• Apply the formula:

Mean: ഥ 𝑷(𝑿
𝜇𝑋ത = Σ 𝑿 ഥ)

Variance: ഥ )(𝑿
𝜎 2𝑋ത = Σ𝑷(𝑿 ഥ − 𝝁)𝟐

Standard Error: 𝜎𝑋ത = ഥ )(𝑿

Σ𝑷(𝑿 ഥ − 𝝁)𝟐
Formula:

Measurement/ Numerical Sampling Distribution of

Finite Population
Characteristic Sample Means

Σ𝑋 ഥ 𝑷(𝑿
ഥ)
Mean 𝜇= 𝜇𝑋ത = 𝑿
𝑁

2
Σ(𝑋 − 𝜇) ഥ )(𝑿
ഥ − 𝝁)𝟐
Variance 𝜎2 = 𝜎 2𝑋ത = Σ𝑷(𝑿
𝑁

Σ(𝑋 − 𝜇)2
Standard Deviation 𝜎= 𝜎𝑋ത = ഥ )(𝑿
Σ𝑷(𝑿 ഥ − 𝝁)𝟐
𝑁
Practice

A group of students got the following scores in a test: 6, 9, 12, 15,

18, and 21. Consider the sample size of 3 that can be drawn from
this population.
1. Construct the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Means.
2. Compute the mean and variance of the population.
3. Compute the mean and variance of the Sampling
Distribution of the Means.
4. Compare your answer in item 2 and 3.
Seatwork

A group of students got the following

scores in a test: 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and
21. Consider the sample size of 5 that
can be drawn from this population.
1. Find the population mean, variance and
standard deviation.
2. Find mean, variance and standard deviation
of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean.
Properties of Sampling Distribution of Sample Mean

If all possible samples of size r are drawn from a

population of size N with mean µ and variance 𝜎 2 ,
then the sampling distribution of the sample
means has the following properties:

1. The mean of the sampling distribution of the

sample means is equal to the population mean
µ. That is, 𝜇𝑋ത = µ
Properties of Sampling Distribution of Sample Mean

2. The variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means

𝜎 2𝑋ത is given by:

𝜎2 𝑁−𝑟
a) 𝜎 2
𝑋ത = ∙ for finite population; and
𝑟 𝑁−1

𝜎2
b) 𝜎 2𝑋ത = for infinite population
𝑟
Properties of Sampling Distribution of Sample
Mean

3. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the

sample means is given by:

𝜎 𝑁−𝑟 𝑁−𝑟
a) 𝜎𝑋ത = ∙ for finite population where is the finite
𝑟 𝑁−1 𝑁−1
population correction factor

𝜎
b) 𝜎𝑋ത = for infinite population
𝑟
Central Limit Theorem

If random samples of size r are drawn from a

population, then as r becomes larger, the sampling
distribution of the mean approaches the normal
distribution, regardless of the shape of the
population distribution.
Example

1. A population has a mean of 60 and standard deviation

of 5. A random sample of 16 measurements is drawn
from this population. Describe the sampling
distribution of the sample means by computing its
mean and standard deviation.
2. The height of male college students are normally
distributed with mean of 68 inches and standard
deviation of 3 inches. If 80 samples consisting of 25
students each are drawn from the population, what
would be the expected mean and standard deviation of
the resulting sampling distribution of the means?
Examples

Find the finite population correction factor given the

following:

a) N=200, r=10
b) N=2000, r=10
c) N=400, r=40