Ar.

Minoru yamasaki
(1912-1986)
 Minoru Yamasaki
• (December 1, 1912 – February 6, 1986)
was an American architect, best known for
designing the original World Trade Center in
New York City and several other large-scale
projects.
• Yamasaki was one of the most prominent
architects of the 20th century.
• He and fellow architect Edward Durell Stone
are generally considered to be the two
master practitioners of "New Formalism".
WORLD TRADE CENTRE
NEW YORK CITY
UNITED STATES
• The World Trade Center is a complex
of buildings under construction
in Lower Manhattan , New York City
, United States.
• Replacing an earlier complex of seven
buildings with the same name on the
same site.
• The original World Trade Center
featured landmark twin towers,
which opened on April 4, 1973, and
were destroyed in the September 11
attacks of 2001, along with 7 World
Trade Center.
• The other buildings in the complex
were severely damaged by the
collapse of the twin towers
AREA OF WORLD
TRADE CENTRE
• The site is being rebuilt with six new skyscrapers,
a memorial to those killed in the attacks, and
a transportation hub.
• One world trade center will be the lead building for
the new complex, reaching more than 100 stories at
its completion. It is the tallest building in the United
States.
• At the time of their completion the "Twin Towers", the
original 1 WTC (417 m), and 2 TWC were the tallest building
in the world. The other buildings in the complex included the 3
WTC, 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6 WTC, and 7 WTC. All of these buildings
were built between 1975 and 1985, with a construction cost
of $400 million ($2,300,000,000 in 2014 dollars).The complex
was located in New York City's Financial District and contained
13,400,000 square feet (1,240,000 m2) of office space.
• On the morning of September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda-affiliated hijackers flew
two Boeing 767 jets into the complex, one into each tower, in a
coordinated act of terrorism.
• After burning for 56 minutes, the South Tower (2) collapsed, followed a
half-hour later by the North Tower (1). The attacks on the World Trade
Center killed 2,753 people.
• Falling debris from the towers, combined with fires that the debris
initiated in several surrounding buildings, led to the partial or complete
collapse of all the other buildings in the complex and caused catastrophic
damage to ten other large structures in the surrounding area (including
the World Financial Center). The process of cleaning up and recovery at
the World Trade Center site took eight months.
• Over the following years, plans were created for the reconstruction
of the World Trade Center.
• The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC),
established in November 2001 to oversee the rebuilding process,
organized competitions to select a site plan and memorial design.
• Memory Foundations, designed by Daniel Libeskind, was selected
as the master plan; however, substantial changes were made to
the design.
• The first new building at the site was the 7 World Trade Center, which opened
in May 2006.
• The memorial section of the National September 11 Memorial &
Museum opened on September 11, 2011 and the museum opened in May
2014.
• Construction of the One World Trade Center is open in 2013; the 4 World
Trade Center opened on November 13, 2013;
• the 3 World Trade Center is under construction and expected to open in 2016,
5 World Trade Center will be developed by the Port Authority of New York and
New Jersey, but, as of
February 2014, a schedule
was not confirmed.
Two World Trade Center's is still
expected to be completed
before 2020.
 ORGINAL BUILDING
• Minoru Yamasaki as lead
architect has a plan for the
towers to be 80 stories
tall, but to meet the Port
Authority's requirement for
10,000,000 square feet
(930,000 m2) of office
space, the buildings would
each have to be 110 stories
tall.
• A major limiting factor in
building height is the issue
of elevators; the taller the
building, the more elevators
are needed to service the
building, requiring more
space-consuming elevator
banks.
• Yamasaki and the engineers
decided to use a new system
with two "sky lobbies”
• The structural engineering firm
Worthington, Skilling, Helle & Jackson
worked to implement Yamasaki's
design, developing the tube-frame
structural system used in the twin
towers.
• The tube frame design, using steel core
and perimeter columns protected with
sprayed-on fire resistant material,
created a relatively lightweight
structure that would sway more in
response to the wind compared to
traditional structures .
• The tube-frame design, earlier
introduced by Fazlur Khan, was a new
approach that allowed more open floor
plans than the traditional design that
distributed columns throughout the
interior to support building loads.
• The World Trade Center
towers used high-strength,
load-bearing perimeter steel
columns called Vierendeel
trusses that were spaced
closely together to form a
strong, rigid wall structure,
supporting virtually all lateral
loads such as wind loads, and
sharing the gravity load with
the core columns.
• The core of the towers housed the
elevator and utility shafts,
restrooms, three stairwells, and
other support spaces.
• The core of each tower was a
rectangular area and contained 47
steel columns running from the
bedrock to the top of the tower.
• The floors used prefabricated floor
trusses ,supported their own weight
as well as live loads, providing
stability to the walls and distributing
wind loads among the walls.
• The floors consisted of 4 inches
(10 cm) thick lightweight concrete
slabs.
• When World
Trade Center
twin towers
were
completed, the
total costs had
reached
$900 million.
The ribbon
cutting
ceremony was
on April 4,
1973
NEW BUILDING
• The new complex includes One
World Trade Center (formerly
known as the Freedom Tower), 7
World Trade Center, three other
high-rise office buildings, a
museum and memorial, and a
transportation hub.
• The process of cleanup and
recovery continued 24 hours a
day over a period of eight
months. On May 30, 2002, a
ceremony was held to officially
mark the end of the cleanup
efforts
FLOOR PLANS
1. ancillary building
2. plaza level
3. sky-lobby
4. technical services
5. underground car park
13. Load-bearing external wall
17. Core box column
20. Floor slab
13. load-bearing external wall
14. bar joist 900mm deep
15. secondary joist
16. horizontal bracing
17. core box column
21. Floor covering
22. In-situ concrete
23. Trough decking
24. Bar joist
25. Electrical services duct
26. Air-conditioning duct
32. rock
33. concrete base slab
34. grillage beams
36. external column
37. core column
10. open-plan office
11. express lifts 33 Concrete base slab
12. local lifts 34 Grillage beams
37 Core column
COMPILED BY
MERLINA J
MARIA ANN KURIAN
PREETHA ARUL PAPPA
KEERTHANA R.S