Professional Documents
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• Reading: Applied
Hydrology Sections 9.1,
9.2, 9.3, 9.7, 10.1, 10.2
• Reference: HEC-RAS
Hydraulic Reference
Manual, Version 4.1,
Chapters 1 and 2
– Reading: HEC-RAS
Manual pp. 2-1 to 2-12
http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/documents/HEC-RAS_4.1_Reference_Manual.pdf
Flood Inundation
Floodplain Delineation
Steady Flow Solution
One-Dimensional Flow Computations
Cross-section
Channel centerline
and banklines
(1)
Floodplain
Lch Rob
Lob
Floodplain
(2)
Left to Right looking downstream
Energy Head Loss
Velocity Coefficient,
Solving Steady Flow Equations
Q is known throughout reach
1. All conditions at (1) are
known, Q is known (A)
2. Select h2
3. compute Y2, V2, K2, Sf, he
4. Using energy equation
(A), compute h2
h2
5. Compare new h2 with h1
the value assumed in
Step 2, and repeat until (2) (1)
convergence occurs
Flow Computations
Reach 3
Reach 2
• Flow is one-dimensional
• Hydrostatic pressure prevails and vertical
accelerations are negligible
• Streamline curvature is small.
• Bottom slope of the channel is small.
• Manning’s equation is used to describe
resistance effects
• The fluid is incompressible
Continuity Equation
Q = inflow to the control volume
q = lateral inflow
( Adx)
Change in mass
t
Elevation View
Reynolds transport theorem
d
0
dt c.v.
d V .dA
c.s.
Plan View
Momentum Equation
• From Newton’s 2nd Law:
• Net force = time rate of change of momentum
d
F dt Vd VV .dA
c .v . c.s.
Sum of forces
on the C.V.
Sum of forces
on the C.V.
1 Q 1 Q 2 y
g g (So S f ) 0
A t A x A x
Momentum Equation(2)
1 Q 1 Q
2
y
g g ( S o S f ) 0
A t A x A x
Local Convective Pressure Gravity Friction
acceleration acceleration force force force
term term term term term
V V y
V g g (So S f ) 0
t x x
Kinematic Wave
Diffusion Wave
Dynamic Wave
Momentum Equation (3)
1 V V V y
So S f
g t g x x
Steady, uniform flow
Numerical
Finite
Finite difference
difference approximation
approximation
Calculations
Calculations are
are performed
performed on on aa
grid
grid placed
placed over
over the
the (x,t)
(x,t) plane
plane
Flow
Flow and
and water
water surface
surface
elevation
elevation are
are obtained
obtained for
for
incremental
incremental time
time and
and distances
distances
along
along the
the channel
channel
V V y
V g g ( So S f ) 0
t x x
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Kinematic Wave
• Kinematic wave celerity, ck is the speed of
movement of the mass of a flood wave
downstream
– Approximately, ck = 5v/3 where v = water velocity
Muskingum-Cunge Method
• A variant of the Muskingum method that has a
more physical hydraulic basis
• This is what Dean Djokic has used in the
Brushy Creek HEC-HMS models
• , where Δx = reach length or an increment of
this length
• , where B = surface width, S0 is the bed slope
Dynamic Wave Routing
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i-1, j+1 i-1, j+1 i+1, j+1
∆t
i-1, j i, j i+1, j
∆x ∆x
Cross-sectional view in x-t plane
x-t plane
h0, Q0, t1 h1, Q1, t1 h2, Q2, t2
∆x ∆x
25