FYP PRESENTATION

TOPIC:
SHIP TARGET TRACKING BASED ON A LOW-RESOLUTION OPTICAL
SATELLITE IN GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT

AREA:
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
 GROUP MEMBERS
MEMOONA SADAF (3071-FBAS/BSCS/F15-A)
PALWISHA AMJAD (3128-FBAS/BSCS/F15-A)
 INTRODUCTION

 Based on the low-resolution geostationary optical satellite for

maritime surveillance, a complete processing algorithm including
ship detection and ship tracking is proposed.

 Potentially ships are first detected by a constant false alarm rate

processing and a morphological filter from the area of water.
 PROCEDURE

In the ship-tracking procedure, a convenient motion model based on

geographical coordinates is established, and the multiple hypothesis
tracking method is used to track ships for further removing false
targets and getting motion states of targets ultimately. Algorithm has
been tested using GaoFen-4 (GF-4) satellite image sequences and the
automatic identification system messages of ships.
EXIXTING TECHNIQUE

A single image from Quick Bird, WorldView-2 has been successfully

used to extract information about moving vehicles, which is based on
that there is a time lag between the acquisition times of panchromatic
(Pan) and multispectral (MS) images on the same high-resolution
platform generally, making it possible to detect the motion of targets.
 PROBLEM DEFINITION

There are big spectral differences between spectrally

neighbouring bands, and the capability of target detection is
different in different bands, so we cannot guarantee that the
target can be detected in all bands.
 PROPOSED SOLUTION

 To the capability of the GEO satellite for continuous imaging, we can use the
time-series images for ship tracking in the article.
 There are two ships moving in opposite directions in five image chips of GF-4
(size: 128 × 128, revisit interval: 186 s) in the near infrared (NIR) band
sequentially, and basic information about two ships.
 In such sequential images of the low-resolution GEO satellite, a ship generally
has a few pixels and little feature information, which can be regarded as a weak
point target in the complex sea background.
 PROPOSED SOLUTION CONT…

 Compared with traditional video sequences, the imaging interval of the GEO
satellite is long, from tens of seconds to a few minutes per frame.
 At the same time, due to the long distance away from the Earth, a small attitude
control error of the GEO platform will cause a large position bias between the
target corresponding to pixel point and image position.
 The detection method focuses on the sea–land segmentation and feature
extraction, mainly based on histogram statistics, significance detection, feature
description (Corbane et al. 2010), deep learning (Tang et al. 2015), and other
methods. Among them, the application of deep learning makes ship detection
really practical, but it may not be suitable for low-resolution images.
FEATURES

Ship detection
Position adjustment
Ship tracking
METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTION
 THRESHOLD SEGMENTATION

 In order to mask land and clouds, a pre-processing of images is performed,

making the following detection stage easier and more accurate. Compared with
the sea, the pixel intensity of clouds and land is higher. If the image in the Pan
band is provided only, we can use the threshold segmentation directly to extract
clouds and land.
 If MS images are provided, we can make full use of the spectral characteristics of
different objects. In this article, we use the normalized difference water index
(NDWI) (McFeeters 1996) to extract the ROI.

NDWI = Ρg-ρNIR / ρG+ρNIR

 RPCS BIAS COMPENSATION
 Once the image coordinates of ships are extracted from CFAR detection, the
ground coordinates of ships can be estimated using the rational function model
(RFM) with RPCs. RFM is a general model independently of the sensor, which is
high-precision fitting of the strict geometric imaging model. For the ground-to-
image transformation, the RFM is defined as (Oh and Lee 2015)
 CONCLUSION

 This article proposes a complete processing algorithm for ship

tracking based on the low-resolution GEO optical satellite such as
GF-4. The proposed algorithm is well verified by the experimental
sequences of GF-4 and AIS data, which shows the great potential of
the GEO satellite for maritime surveillance.
 we can recognize that there is still potential for improvement in
ship detection and the geo-location accuracy. Any improvement in
reducing the false alarm and position error can increase the
accuracy of tracking. At the same time, it also needs to improve the
tracking performance in more complex scenes by using limited
characteristics of ships. Those will be the focus of our future
research.