METALLURGY

CHRISTIAN G. DOMINGO, RCr., MCJ PGDip-AC

INSTRUCTOR
BASIC CONCEPTS

 METALLURGY - is the art and science of extracting

metals from their ores.

 ORES - are minerals that can be used as a source

for the commercial production of materias.

 METALLOGRAPHY - a branch of metallurgy that

involves the microstructure of metals and alloys.

 ALLOYS - are combinations of metals.

 METALLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPE - can determine

the structures of different metals.
MACROETCHING
MACROECTHING - the process of restoring or extracting
the serial number which involves the application of
chemical solution on the metal surface where the
serial number is normally located.

CHEMICALS USED:

1. FOR IRON AND STEEL - Cupric Chloride +

Hydrochloric Acid + Water

2. FOR ALUMINUM - Nitric Acid + Water

3. FOR LEAD - Glacical Acetic Acid + Hydrogen

Peroxide
NUMBER RESTORATION

When a letter or number is stamped into a

metal surface, a molecular disturbance
occurs beneath the visible portion of the
letter or number erased.
SERIAL NUMBER

A series of number that is punched or

pressed into a particular object/material to
distinguish the object from one another. A
serial number is sometimes preceded with or
followed by letters and symbols.
PURPOSES OF MACRO-ETCHING EXAMINATION

1. To determine whether or not the Serial Number of

motor vehicles or firearms are tampered.

2. To restore the original serial number of an article in

question. It must be noted that articles of economic
value are identified by its special peculiarity(serial
number) of manufacture. To destroy these features
the perpetrator defaces through some suitable
methods such as chiseling, filing, grinding and filling in.
 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION ON
MACRO-ETCHING PROCESS

1. Search for the normal location of the serial

number.

2. Remove grease and oil using alcohol

and/or gasoline.

3. Polish the area using sand paper.

4. Photograph
TYPES OF ATTACKED NUMBERS

1. STAMPED NUMBER -number that is pressed or

punched into a metal surface.

2. ENGRAVED NUMBER - number that is pressed

intendedly using electrical or mechanical gadget.

3. EMBOSED NUMBER - number that is raised from the

surface.
 SPOT DETECTION OF
TAMPERED/OBLITERATED SERIAL NUMBERN

1. Presence of any sign of welding surrounding the

seria number.
2. Presence of several scratches and filing marks on
the serial number surface.
3. Presence of any sign of concavity on the serial
number surface.
4. Presence of any difference in the stye of letters
and numbers.
5. Appearance of fragmentary marks which could
not be properly identified because part of it is
superimposed by letters and numbers.
6. Presence of any difference in the spacing of
individual letters and numbers.
 SPOT DETECTION OF
TAMPERED/OBLITERATED SERIAL NUMBERN

7. Letters and numbers are stamped on

places where the serial number is normally
located.
8. Sizes of letters and numbers are sharper
and coarser than the others.
9. Presence of any irregularities in the depth
of individual letters and numbers.
10. Model of the vehicle in the chassis number
does not tally with that of the rating plate.
11. Absence of rating plate.
12. Alteration of the production number.
» end of presentation
 ACTIVITY

1. An individual activity.
2. Extract a serial number of a vehicle.
3. Apply the procedure in macro-etching
examination.
4. Accomplish the activity form.
5. Submit on time.