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Paideia
A US EXPERIENCE
Outline
1. Mortimer J. Alder and the Paideia Poss
2. The Paideia Principles
3. The Paideia Modes of Instruction
4. Paideia and the Common Core
Paper on Paideia
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The Paideia Group:
• In 1982, Paideia's original
thinker, philosopher
Mortimer Adler, joined with
a diverse cadre of educators
and intellectuals to form the
Paideia Group.
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Paper on Paideia
Mortimer J. Adler
• Chairman, Director, Institute for
Philosophical Research
• Chairman, Board of Editors,
Encyclopedia Britannica
• Founder, the National Paideia
Center, UNCCH
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Members of the Paideia Group:
• DONALD COWAN
• JACQUES BARZUN Former President, University of Dallas
Former Provost, Columbia University Fellow, Dallas Institute of Humanities
Literary Adviser, Charles Scribner’s Sons And Cultures
• OTTO BIRD • ALONZO A. CRIM
Former Head, General Program of Liberal Superintendent, Atlanta Public Schools,
Studies, Atlanta, Georgia
University of Notre Dame
• CLIFTON FADIMAN
• LEON BOTSTEIN
President, Bard College Author and critic
President, Simon’s Rock of Bard College • DENNIS GRAY
• ERNEST L. BOYER Deputy Director, Council For Basic
President, The Carnegie Foundation for Education, Washington, D.C.
the Advancement of Teaching, • RICHARD HUNT
Washington, D.C. Senior Lecturer and Director of the
• NICHOLAS L. CAPUTI Andrew W. Mellon Faculty Fellowships
Principal, Skyline High School, Oakland, Program, Harvard University
California • DOUGLASS CATER
Senior Fellow, Aspen Institute for
Humanistic Studies
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The Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto (1982)
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The Paideia Proposal
Dedicated to three well-known educators:
• Horace Mann
• John Dewey
• Robert Maynard Hutchins.
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Paper on Paideia
• 1796-1859
Horace Mann • Early American educational reformer
• Articulated the connection between
effective “common” schools and
democratic well-being.
• His 12 reports (1837-48) as the first Mass.
Sec. of Ed. are among the most significant
primary documents in American ed.
history.
• “the best education for the best is the
best education for all…”
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Paper on Paideia
Robert Maynard Hutchins
• 1899-1977
• Chancellor of the University of Chicago.
• Leader of the group who, post WWII, created
the Great Books program.
• Stressed the need for academic rigor
• Thinking behind the idea of academic
standards
• “Human community as a result of better
communication…”
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Paper on Paideia
John
• 1859-1952 Dewey
• “Progressivism” provided 20th
Century educators with a
argument for classrooms that
combined relevant curriculum
with active student learning.
• Was the democratic “Yin” to
Hutchins’ “Yang” in Adler’s
thinking.
• His ideas led directly to the
Paideia Coached Project.
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What Exactly is Paideia?
The influences on Paideia include:
• Socrates and other Greek philosophers
• John Amos Comenius
• Thomas Jefferson
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Mortimer J. Adler
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Academic Year :2016-2017
Paideia Principles:
Department :English Language and Literature
Filière :TEFL Master program
Semester : 3, MODULE 10
Course : Teaching Profession
Faculté des Lettres
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Paper on Paideia
Paideia Principles:
• that schooling at its best is preparation for
becoming generally educated in the course of a
whole lifetime, and that schools should be judged
on how well they provide such preparation;
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Paper on Paideia
Paideia Principles:
that the results of these three types of teaching
should be
(a) the acquisition of organized knowledge,
(b) the formation of habits of skill in the use of
language and mathematics, and
(c) the growth of the mind’s understanding of
basic ideas and issues;
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Paper on Paideia
Paideia Principles:
• that the primary cause of genuine learning is the activity
of the learner’s own mind, sometimes with the help of a
teacher functioning as a secondary and cooperative
cause;
• that the three types of teaching that should occur in our
schools are didactic teaching of subject matter, coaching
that produces the skills of learning, and Socratic
questioning in seminar discussion;
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Paper on Paideia
Paideia Principles:
• that each student’s achievement of
these results would be evaluated in
terms if that student’s competencies
and not solely related to the
achievements of other students;
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Paper on Paideia
Paideia Principles:
• That the principal of the school should never be a
mere administrator, but always a leading teacher
who should be cooperatively engaged with the
school’s teaching staff in planning, reforming, and
reorganizing the school as an educational
community;
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Paper on Paideia
Part III
Seminar
DIDACTIC
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Didactic Instruction
• The delivery of factual information.
• Lecture, demonstration, videos, and reading
are common forms of Didactic Instruction.
• The goal of is for students to acquire the basic
“must know information” about a subject.
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Didactic Instruction
• Because Didactic Instruction typically puts
students in a passive role, the National Paideia
Center advocates limiting Didactic Instruction to
10-15% of instructional time.
• Assessment and evaluation of Didactic Instruction
and factual learning is effectively conducted
through traditional short answer and multiple
choice tests.
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Paper on Paideia
Intellectual Coaching
• is guidance through modeling and
questioning.
• Intellectual Coaching may begin with a
teacher modeling writing a sentence,
reading a paragraph, solving a problem, or
hypothesizing about a reaction.
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Paper on Paideia
Intellectual Coaching
• Intellectual Coaching often happens by
questioning as well as both positive or corrective
feedback.
• The goal of Intellectual Coaching is for students to
acquire expertise in skills of learning, such as
reading, writing, calculating, and observing.
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Intellectual Coaching
• Assessment and evaluation of Intellectual
Coaching is conducted through formative
assessment, performance tasks, project work
often with the use of checklists and rubrics.
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Paideia Modes of Instruction
Seminar • Conversations, conducted
in an orderly manner by
the teacher who acts as
the leader or moderator
of the discussion.
• The conversations revolve
around a “text” of some
Increased Understanding sort.
of Ideas and Values
15-20%
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Paideia Seminar
• is a collaborative, intellectual dialogue facilitated by
open-ended questions about a text.
• The goal of Paideia Seminar is for students to expand
their understanding of ideas, concepts, and values
about the curriculum.
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Paideia Seminar
• The Paideia Seminar nurtures both intellectual and
social skills.
• Paideia Seminars occur 20-25% of instructional
time.
• Assessment and evaluation of Paideia Seminars
occurs through pre and post seminar tools and
processes including self identified goals,
discussion, and writing.
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Part IV
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CC K-12 ELA Instructional Shifts
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Reading and Writing Grounded in Evidence from Texts
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Regular Practice with Complex Texts and Its Academic
Vocabulary
• To be college and career ready, students make a “step”
of growth on the “staircase” of complexity.
• Students read grade appropriate texts around which
instruction is centered.
• Teachers create more time and space for close and
careful reading.
• Teachers constantly build students’ vocabulary so that
they are able to access grade level complex texts.
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The Revised Bloom’s (RBT) Taxonomy Table
THE COGNITIVE PROCESS DIMENSION
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
REMEMBER UNDERSTAND APPLY ANALYZE EVALUATE CREATE
A.
FACTUAL
Knowledge
B.
CON-
CEPTUAL
Knowledge
C.
PROCE-
DURAL
Knowledge
D.
META-
COGNITIVE
Knowledge
KNOW UNDERSTAND DO
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Paideia and the Common Core
• R 1. Inferences/evidence
• R 2. Central ideas/themes/summary
• R 3. Individuals/events/ideas
• R 4. Vocabulary/word choice
• R 5. Text structure/organization
• R 6. Point of view/purpose
• R 7. Content in diverse media
• R 8. Arguments/evidence
• R 9. Comparison of texts/authors
• R 10. Complex text
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Prof. on Paideia Destination Innovation Paideia/Seminar Training, 201350
General Considerations
• Human beings want and need
the connection of
conversation.
• This concept covers a
continuum from ancient to
contemporary times.
• This feeds our cognitive and
social needs.
• Literacy feeds our mind, heart,
spirit, and body.
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On Literacy
Remember:
Thinking is a
sophisticated
application
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On Literacy
• Engaging and sustaining students in real dialogue and
discussion is hard work.
• Dialogue = listening, responding, exchanging, connecting,
agreeing, disagreeing, reflecting…
• Thinking is the core that holds this all together, and it IS
possible to teach thinking.
• Thinking takes time and deliberate practice.
• Writing defines and clarifies thinking.
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On Literacy
R W S L
E R P I
A I E S
D T A T
I I K E
N N I N
G G N I
G N
G
RWSL
&
THINKING Thinking are
Synergistic
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On Literacy
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Research
www.paideia.org
Documents available for download:
• Complete Paideia Reference List
• Partial Annotated Paideia References
• Paideia Stories: Successful Schools in Practice (2002)
• Planning, Practice, and Assessment in the Seminar Classroom (2006)
• The Paideia Seminar: Moving Reading Comprehension from
Transaction to Transformation (2006)
• Socrates in the Classroom: Rationales and Effects of Philosophizing
with Children (2008) -Stockholm University Press Release
• Maieutic Frame Presence and Quantity and Quality of Argumentation
in a Paideia Seminar (2008)
• Evaluation of Academic Achievement at Nine Paideia Schools (2008)
• Profiles of Success: Eight Colorado Schools that are Closing the
Achievement Gap (2008)
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Paideia is not just an educational
philosophy, it is a way of life.
~ Terry Roberts
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Paper on Paideia
Sources
• Anderson, Lorin. Presentation 2 for PaTTAN Expository Writing Institute. October
25, 2010.
• ELA Common Core State Standards Self Study LiveBinder, 18 May, 2013.
http://www.livebinders.com/edit?id=262077
• ELA Resources LiveBinder, 18 May, 2013
http://www.livebinders.com/edit?id=297779
• Intellectual Coaching and The Paideia Coached Project. 2nd ed., 2008. The
National Paideia Center.
• The Paideia Seminar: Active Thinking Through Dialogue in the Secondary Grades,
2nd ed., 2008. The National Paideia Center.
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