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ORAL PRESENTATION

FYP 1

EZZAT AIMAN BIN OMAR


CE094930
ASSOC PROF DR. SIVAKUMAR NAGANATHAN
TOPIC

PERFORMANCE OF BOTTOM ASH


AS SAND REPLACEMENT
IN MORTAR
PROBLEM STATEMENT
PROBLEM IMPACT SOLUTION
Coal bottom ash is Bring negative impact to Discover beneficial
dumped in landfill environment. uses of bottom ash to
maintain sustainability

• Coal-fired power • Leeching of heavy • Replace sand usage


plant will cause metals from the in construction
greenhouse gases, bottom ash such as material which is
emission of Copper (Cu), Zinc mortar
harmful gases and (Zn) and Lead • Possibly increase
generate million (Pb). the performance
ton of solid waste
each year
OBJECTIVE

2) To assess fresh state


1) To establish the leaching
properties of mortar with
method for bottom ash
CBA

3)To access the mechanical


4)To measure the durability
properties of mortar using
of mortar made using CBA
CBA
LITERATURE REVIEW
No Article Finding

1 Reducing heavy metal element from • Higher temperature can increase leaching performance but organic
coal bottom ash by using citric acid acid will decompose in high temp.
leaching treatment • 2% acid mixture will increase silica up to 43%
• Acid concentration and temperature higher- silica concentration
higher.

2 Comparison study of Bottom Ash • The calculated of fineness modulus of BAA and WBAA are 4.93
Aggregate and Washed Bottom Ash and 3.65 respectively, which are more than 3.5 and it is considered
Aggregate in concrete: Physical very coarse.
aspect • Both aggregate is suitable to use in application of concrete or
mortar in construction activities.

3 The Effect of Grinded Coal Bottom • Increasing the fineness of CBA in concrete mixture helps to
Ash on Concrete achieve denser and more impermeable cement matrix
• From the review, the properties of concrete containing CBA were
improved by decreasing the particle size of CBA.
LITERATURE REVIEW
No Article Finding

4 Effect of coal bottom ash as partial • Recommend that use of coal bottom ash up to 30% without
replacement of sand on workability superplasticizer and up to 50% with superplasticizer in structural
and strength properties of concrete concrete.
• With age, the abrasion resistance of control concrete mixture as
well as bottom ash concrete mixtures of both grades of concretes
increased.

5 Effect of Drying Method on • BA percentage replacements are increase, the early strengths of
Compressive Strength of Special concrete were decrease.
Concrete with Bottom Ash • 60% BA replacement is showed high compressive strength when
compared with other percentage of replacement.

6 The Properties of Special Concrete • All concrete with WBA replacement has increment in strength
Using Washed Bottom Ash (WBA) • 30% WBA replacement is found to be the optimum amount in order
as Partial Sand Replacement to get a favourable strength and good strength development pattern
over the increment ages
METHODOLOGY
Preparing the materials and apparatus

Preparing the CBA with acid leaching


treatment (Citric acid)

Preparing the mortar with various


percentage of CBA and control sample

Conducting laboratory tests


and data collecting

Analysis of data and thesis writing


MATERIALS PREPARATION
The acid is dilute to 5% by mixing ratio
using distilled water.

Sieved coal bottom ash is put into


beaker containing Citric Acid solution.

The beaker is place on hot magnetic


stirrer.

The temperature of the solution is


increase to 80C for 60 minute
Water rinsing treatment of coal bottom ash

Ash then was filtered by using vacuum


filtered

The ash was dried at for 60 minutes in the


oven

Combust in furnace for 30minutes


MATERIALS PREPARATION

Mix ratio used


• Cement: Sand: Water is 1:3:0.7

Replacement of sand with CBA


• 15%,30%,45%,60%,75%,90%,100%
• OR
• 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%
TEST TO BE CONDUCTED
No BS EN 1015 : Methods of test for mortar for masonry Mortar Condition
1 Determination of consistence of fresh mortars BS EN 1015-3
(flow table or plunger penetration) BS EN 1015-4
2 Determination of particle size distribution BS EN 1015-1
Fresh tests
3 Determination of air content of fresh mortar BS EN 1015-7

4 Determination of workable life and correction time of fresh BS EN 1015-9


mortar
5 Determination of flexural and compressive strength of BS EN 1015-11
hardened mortar
6 Determination of adhesive strength of hardened rendering and BS EN 1015-12
plastering mortar on substrates
Hardened tests
7 Determination of water absorption coefficient due to capillary BS EN 1015-18
action of hardened mortar
8 Determination of water vapour permeability of hardened BS EN 1015-19
rendering and plastering mortars
Accessing the strength of
Comparisons of mechanical,
suitable sand substitution
fresh, durability of mortar
from past research and my
with the control sample.
experiment to be compared.

Expected
Outcome
Explaining whether leaching
treatment with Citric Acid will Suitability of CBA in Kapar as
increase the suitability of CBA to
replace sand and possibly increase sand replacement
it performance.
LIMITATION
The results may valid only for Coal Bottom Ash
originated from Kapar

More sample should be tested to clarify the


outcome for this experiment

Only Citric acid is used as leaching agent and it is


know for weaker acid compare to HCL or H2SO4

The experiment will follow BS EN procedure


REFERENCE
1. Reducing heavy metal element from coal bottom ash by using citric acid leaching treatment;Ahmad Asyari
Yahya , Noorwirdawati Ali, Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal, Shahiron Shahidan, Salmia Beddu, Muhd. Fadhil
Nuruddin, and Nasir Shafiq
2. Comparison study of Bottom Ash Aggregate and Washed Bottom Ash Aggregate in concrete: Physical
aspect; Mohd Syahrul Hisyam bin Mohd Sani,Ahmad Rasidi Osman, Fadhluhartini bt Muftah
3. The Effect of Grinded Coal Bottom Ash on Concrete; Nurul Fasihah Basirun, Mohd Haziman Wan
Ibrahim, Norwati Jamaludin and Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
4. The Properties of Special Concrete Using Washed Bottom Ash (WBA) as Partial Sand Replacement ;Mohd
Syahrul Hisyam bin Mohd Sani, Fadhluhartini bt Muftah, Zulkifli Muda
5. Effect of coal bottom ash as partial replacement of sand on workability and strength properties of concrete;
Malkit Singh, Rafat Siddique
6. Effect of Drying Method on Compressive Strength of Special Concrete with Bottom Ash ;Mohd Syahrul
Hisyam bin Mohd Sani, Fadhluhartini bt Muftah

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