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FYP 1
1 Reducing heavy metal element from • Higher temperature can increase leaching performance but organic
coal bottom ash by using citric acid acid will decompose in high temp.
leaching treatment • 2% acid mixture will increase silica up to 43%
• Acid concentration and temperature higher- silica concentration
higher.
2 Comparison study of Bottom Ash • The calculated of fineness modulus of BAA and WBAA are 4.93
Aggregate and Washed Bottom Ash and 3.65 respectively, which are more than 3.5 and it is considered
Aggregate in concrete: Physical very coarse.
aspect • Both aggregate is suitable to use in application of concrete or
mortar in construction activities.
3 The Effect of Grinded Coal Bottom • Increasing the fineness of CBA in concrete mixture helps to
Ash on Concrete achieve denser and more impermeable cement matrix
• From the review, the properties of concrete containing CBA were
improved by decreasing the particle size of CBA.
LITERATURE REVIEW
No Article Finding
4 Effect of coal bottom ash as partial • Recommend that use of coal bottom ash up to 30% without
replacement of sand on workability superplasticizer and up to 50% with superplasticizer in structural
and strength properties of concrete concrete.
• With age, the abrasion resistance of control concrete mixture as
well as bottom ash concrete mixtures of both grades of concretes
increased.
5 Effect of Drying Method on • BA percentage replacements are increase, the early strengths of
Compressive Strength of Special concrete were decrease.
Concrete with Bottom Ash • 60% BA replacement is showed high compressive strength when
compared with other percentage of replacement.
6 The Properties of Special Concrete • All concrete with WBA replacement has increment in strength
Using Washed Bottom Ash (WBA) • 30% WBA replacement is found to be the optimum amount in order
as Partial Sand Replacement to get a favourable strength and good strength development pattern
over the increment ages
METHODOLOGY
Preparing the materials and apparatus
Expected
Outcome
Explaining whether leaching
treatment with Citric Acid will Suitability of CBA in Kapar as
increase the suitability of CBA to
replace sand and possibly increase sand replacement
it performance.
LIMITATION
The results may valid only for Coal Bottom Ash
originated from Kapar