Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
B.B. Pandey
Professor in Civil Engineering
· Desires of the people to move
Need for goods: demand for Transportation.
Transportation affects everyone on earth,
on a daily basis.
People, countries, governments, business,
whole economy rely on effective, reliable
transportation in one form or another.
Major Transportation Systems
Highways
Ships, boats…
Continuous Flow systems
Pipelines,belts..etc
Merits and Demerits: Based on accessibility, mobility, cost, tonnage..
Highways/ Road Transportation
Oldest mode
Foot paths- animal ways, cart path……..
As civilization evolved the need for transportation
increased
India (5,000 BC)
Egypt (3,000 BC)
Greece and Babylonia (2,000 BC)
Romans (500 BC)
Roman Roads Modern Highway
Roman Roads
ROMANS OCCUPIED BRITAIN IN 55BC
5000KM OF ROADS BUILT IN 150 YEARS
RADIATED FROM CAPITAL LONDON
AND EXTENDING TO WALES AND
EXTENDING TO SCOTLAND
LEGIONS WITHDRAWN IN AD407
BREAKDOWN OF ROADS FOLLOWED
DURING MIDDLE AGES, RIVERS AND
SEAS –A RELIABLE MAJOR TRADE
ARTERIES
WHEELS OF CARTS DAMAGED THE
EARTH ROAD FAST
LENGTH OF STONE PAVED STREETS
BUILT FOR CONNECTING RURAL
AREAS FOR PROVISION
STAGECOACH SERVICE WAS
INTRODUCED IN UK IN 1755?
HORSES WERE CHANGED AT
REGULARLY SPACED POST
HOUSES
COACH WITH IRON SPRING
MADE THE RIDE COMFORTABLE
Contribution towards road
development
TWO MAJOR TYPES OF PAVEMENT
IN EARLY DAYS
Thomas Telfold (1757-1834)
MACADAM CONSTRUCTION
Foundation(subgrade cambered)
Crushed rocks of size about 40 to 75mm
placed in uniform thickness and rolled
Highway Development in India
Important land marks
Jayakar Committee (1927)
Central Road Fund (1929)
Indian Roads Congress (1934) www.irc.org.in
Nagpur Plan (1943)
Ist -20 year Road Development Plan (1943-63)
Central Road Research Institute(1950) www.crridom.org
II- 20 year Road Development Plan (1961-81)
Highway Research Board (1973)
III- 20 year Road Development Plan (1981-2001)
Important land marks
National Highway Authority of India
(1988)
National Highway Development
Project (1998)
Road Development plan: 2001-20
PMGSY (2001)
http://morth.nic.in/index2.asp?
sublinkid=443&langid=2
Indian Road Network
NHDP Phase-I
Dec., 2005
(i) GQ 5846
Dec., 2007
(ii) Port Connectivity & 1133
others
Recent Developments
Three Major programmes
PMGSY ( Pradhan Matri Gram Sadak Yojana) Year 2007
BNP ( Bharat Nirman Programme): Year 2009
Rural Road: Vision year 2025
PMGSY (Rural Roads)
To provide Connectivity, by way of an All-weather Road
to the eligible unconnected Habitations in the rural
areas, -
PMGSY Road
BHARAT NIRMAN
A FOUR YEAR BUSINESS PLAN FOR RURAL CONNECTIVITY
(2005-2009)
COLLECTION OF TOLLS
Study of
Traffic flow characteristics,
development of models for better facilities,
design of Traffic facilities at intersections,
parking facilities, road signs,
Traffic studies and Analysis for improving the road
facilities- such as Volume, Axle load, O&D, parking,
Accident,
congestion,
capacity studies,
Signal design.. etc
Interchange design
Traffic Engineering Software
Railway Engineer:
Concerned with the design and maintenance of the routes
that trains take.
Geometric design of railway track
Permanent way construction and maintenance,
Bridge construction, maintenance,
station yard
Air Transportation
Air Transportation System : Developed in 20 th century
At present – In India great emphasis on air
Transportation
Developments: Modernization of airports, strengthening
extending runways, construction of new airports- to
meet the demand in terms of increase infrequency and
introduction of new types of aircrafts
Source: http://dgca.nic.in/
Details of some aircrafts
A- 380 new addition
Air Transport Engineer deals with
Forecasting air transport demand,
Airport system planning,
Assessment of airport capacity and scheduling
aircrafts (Flight schedules must be optimized between
the passengers and the planes),
Geometric design of airport elements,
Runways Design- thickness, length, and direction,
passenger terminal facilities,
Parking demand and design layout in front of terminal
building,
Air Transport Engineer deals with
Runway evaluation
Traffic control patterns and procedures, design of
air cargo facilities,
Airport drainage,
Airport marking and lighting,
Environmental Impact Assessment of airport
Structural evaluation and Strengthening of Runway
Water Transportation
Less pollution