Palawan State University

College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology

Classification of
Electrical Machines

Chapter 1
 Classification of Electrical Machines

 DC MACHINES  AC MACHINES
 Classification of Electrical Machines

 DC MACHINES

 PERMANENT MAGNET
 SERIES WOUND
 SHUNT WOUND
 COMPOUND WOUND
  AC MACHINES

 SINGLE PHASE  POLYPHASE

 SYNCHRONOUS  SYNCHRONOUS
Shaded Pole Cylindrical Rotor
Hysteresis Salient-Pole Motor
Reluctance Permanent-Magnet
Permanent Magnet

 INDUCTION  INDUCTION
 Squirrel Cage Wound-Rotor
Split Phase Squirrel-Cage
Permanent Split Capacitor
Shaded Pole
 Wound Rotor
Repulsion
Repulsion Start
Repulsion Induction
 Permanent Magnet

These motors are commonly

used as starter motor in
automobiles, windshield wipers,
washer, for blowers used in
heaters and air conditioners, to
raise and lower windows, it also
extensively used in toys.
 DC Series Wound Electric Motor
It is a variable speed motor. The speed is low at high
torque. At light or no load ,the motor speed attains
dangerously high speed. The motor has a high starting
torque.(elevators, electric traction)

Industrial Uses:
• Electric traction
• Cranes
• Elevators
• Air compressor
• Vacuum cleaner
• Hair dryer
• Sewing machine
 DC Shunt Motor
It is a constant speed motor. Where the speed is
required to remain almost constant from no load to
full load. Where the load has to be driven at a
number of speeds and any one of which is nearly
constant.

Industrial use:
a. Lathes
b. Drills d. spinning and weaving machines
c. Boring mills
 DC Compound Motor
Differential compound motors are rarely used
because of its poor torque characteristics.

Industrial uses:
a. Presses Shears
b. Reciprocating machine
 Types of DC Compound Motor
Long Shunt DC Compound Motor

In case of long shunt compound wound dc motor,

the shunt field winding is connected in parallel
across the series combination of both the armature
and series field coil.
Short Shunt DC Compound Motor
In case of short shunt
compound wound dc motor, the
shunt field winding is connected
in parallel across the armature
winding only. And series field coil
is exposed to the entire supply
current, before being split up into
armature and shunt field current
as shown in the diagram.
 AC Machines
Synchronous Motor
- one type of 3-phase AC motor which
operates at a constant speed from no-load to full-
load.
-used in many individual applications
because of its fixed speed, its high efficiency and
low initial cost.

- used to improve the power of 3-phase AC

industrial circuits.
 AC Machines
Synchronous Motor
- one type of 3-phase AC motor which
operates at a constant speed from no-load to full-
load.
-used in many individual applications
because of its fixed speed, its high efficiency and
low initial cost.

- used to improve the power of 3-phase AC

industrial circuits.
 AC Machines
Induction Motor
- very wide use in industry, especially in
fractional horse-power field. They are extensively
used for electric drive for low power constant
speed apparatus such as machine tools, domestic
apparatus, and agricultural machinery.
 AC Machines
Types of Induction Motor
Single Phase Induction Motor
a. Split phase induction motor
b. Capacitor start induction motor
c. Capacitor start capacitor run
induction motor
d. Shaded pole induction motor
 AC Machines
Applications:

Split phase induction motors have low starting current

and moderate starting torque. These motors are used in
fans, blowers, centrifugal pumps, washing machine,
grinder etc. These motors are available in the size
ranging from 1 / 20 to 1 / 2 KW.
 AC Machines
Applications:

Capacitor Start Induction Motor and Capacitor Start

Capacitor Run Induction Motor –
These motors have high starting torque hence they are
used in conveyors, grinder, air conditioners etc. They are
available up to 6 KW.
 AC Machines
Applications:

Shaded pole motors induction motor –

Due to their low starting torques and reasonable cost
these motors are mostly employed in small instruments,
hair dryers, toys, record players, small fans, electric
clocks etc. These motors are usually available in a range
of 1/300 to 1/20 KW.
 AC Machines

Three Phase Induction Motor

Squirrel cage induction motor
Slip ring induction motor
 AC Machines
Squirrel cage induction motor

Squirrel cage induction motors are simple and rugged in

construction, are relatively cheap and require little
maintenance. Hence, squirrel cage induction motors are
preferred in most of the industrial applications such as in
a. Lathes
b. Drilling machines
c. Agricultural and industrial pumps
d. Industrial drives
 AC Machines
Slip ring induction motors

Slip ring induction motors when compared to squirrel

cage motors have high starting torque, smooth
acceleration under heavy loads, adjustable speed and
good running characteristics. They are used in
a. Lifts
b. Cranes
c. Conveyors , etc.,
 Applications of Electrical Machines
DC Machines

a. Rolling mills i. blowers and fans, etc

b. Elevators
c. Conveyors
d. Electric Locomotives
e. Rapid Transit System
f. Cranes and Hoist
g. Lathes
h. Machine Tools
 Applications of Electrical Machines
AC Machines
Asynchronous Machines
a. Petroleum and chemical pumps i. Lathes
b. Cooling towers j. Conveyors
c. Air-handling equipment
d. Compressors
e. Process machinery
f. Blowers and fans
g. Drilling machines
h. Grinders
 Applications of Electrical Machines
AC Machines
Synchronous Machines
a. Power generation
b. Wind energy turbines
c. Power factor correction
d. Voltage regulation improvement of transmission lines
e. Gasoline engine drives