STUDY ARTICLE:

NEW RESULTS OF TRACTION FORCE

CALCULATIONS IN ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC
CONTACTS
L. HAUPERT, JOURNAL OF TRLBOLOGY, APRIL 1985, VOL. 107/241

1
 CONCEPT
Elastic effects -> Negligible
Roalands’ - Shear modulus G
especially when inlet shear heating and displacement
instead of Barus’ - Ree-Eyring shear stress τ0
of the center of pressure are considered
In some cases, elastic effects are present
Roelannds’
Viscosity η
relationship
In Thermal analysis Barus
Considering inlet shear is inaccurate:
Rheological behavior heating and
of a lubricant
Shear modulus G
displacement of the Especially in High Pressure
center of pressure for mineral oils
Considering inlet
Ree-Eyring shear stress shear heating and
τ0 displacement of the
center of pressure
Roelannds’ relationship
Important conclusions:
- Elastic effects are often small or negligible
- Rheological parameters are close to the ones obtained on
"static" test rigs
Z , S0 -> Roelands' parameters 2

- defined for each lubricant

- constant at any pressure and temperature
 Roelands’ viscosity-pressure relationship: Roelands’ temperature-pressure relationship:

P↑ => α*↓,δ*↑ T↑ => α*↓,δ* ↓

P→0 => α* → α , δ* → δ

OR

- Determination or G Using Inlet Shear Heating

- Determination of G While Spinning, Using δ'

3
Values of G and τ0 which are found by Roalands are larger than Very large values of G give
the previous ones because Roelands' viscosity is smaller. small elastic shear rates
When inlet shear heating + Roelands' viscosity => elastic effects ↓↓↓
Determination of G Using Inlet Shear Heating

The linear relation

suggests a strong elastic
behavior of the lubricant

Shear modulus G was defined

as the slope of the curves

How the experiment was done?

 Small unidirectional sliding speed => the rheological relationship of a lubricant:
Integration over time
elastic effects are important=> t/(η/ G) << 1 and

t0 = b/u =>

The strong effect of temperature rise in the inlet on η is due to the large δ* values calculated at high pressure.
δ = viscosity temperature parameter Determination of G While Spinning, Using δ'

New Determination of τ0
Roelands' viscosity => new values of τ0 are found
The new values are larger and pressure independent.

5
A pure viscous behavior
would give rise to a
"zero" traction force F0
At large sliding speeds -> Similar
- the slopes of the traction curves calculated with Roelands'
viscosity are smaller in these two examples.
- This indicates that Roelands' relationship cannot be taken as
general

In some circumstances, Roelands' viscosity describes

accurately the slope of experimental traction curves. A
viscoelastic model is then not required. In some other
circumstances, Roelands' viscosity gives a calculated slope
greater than an experimental traction curve slope. A
viscoelastic model is then required, and larger G values are
found.
It is also possible that Roelands' viscosity provides a slope
smaller than the experimental one. This would indicate an Whether the contact responds elastically or
inaccuracy in Roelands' viscosity. viscous depends on the ratio of the relaxation
time and the transit time, or the so called
The deduction of elastic effects in the contact only depended Deborah number.
on the ratio of two traction slopes, one obtained by the
application of pure rolling spin and the other by the application 6

of pure sideways slip on the contact. Spin traction?!

Lateral traction force?!