Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles Using LPILE

Rivai Sargawi ST, MT

Outline

• Introduction
• Basic theory of the p-y curve method
• Numerical solution for soil-structure interaction
• Characteristic Shape of p-y Curves
• Available p-y Curve Criteria
• Common Input Values
• Special consideration for large-diameter piers
• Effect of nonlinear EI on deflection
• Special features in LPILE
Piles are used in a variety of ways to support super-structures
Pile type in Lateral Method Analysis
Brom’s Method Lateral Capacity Analysis
Lateral Capacity Analysis Failure Mechanism
Design Criteria for Lateral Load
Soil Failure Patterns

Wedge
Failure

Plane-Strain
Failure
Soil Failure Patterns
Nonlinear Model for Lateral Soil Resistance
Differential Equation

4 2
d y d y
EI 4  Px 2  E py y  W  0
dx dx
EI = pile stiffness
y = pile deflection
x = distance along pile
Px = axial load on pile and
Epy = slope of secant to p-y curve at point on pile
W = distributed lateral loading
Illustration of Numerical Solution Procedure

V
y y Epy
Epy

p x
p-y Curves

p-y Curves Developed From

Static-Load Tests on
24-in. Diameter Pile.
p-Characteristic Shape of p-y Curvesy Curves

c.
a. Initial Linear-elastic
b. section
b. Transition from linear
to nonlinear section
c. Yield section into limit
a. state or plasticity
failure
p-y Curve Criteria

• Soft Clay (Matlock, 1970)

• Stiff Clay
(1). with free water (Reese et al., 1975)
(2). Without free water (Reese & Welch, 1975)
• Sand (Reese model & API Model)
• Liquefied Sand (Rollins et al., 2005)
• c-f Soil (Evans and Duncan*, 1982)
• Strong Rock (Reese & Nyman, 1978)
• Weak Rock (Reese, 1997)

(* Concept only, not the full model)

Common Input Values

• Effective Unit Weight

• Shear Strength
• Cohesion, c
• Friction Angle, f
• Soil Stiffness, e50
• Initial Stiffness of p-y Curve, k
• Rock Properties, RQD, qu, etc.
Soft Clay

Static Loading Cyclic Loading

Stiff Clay with Free Water

Static Loading Cyclic Loading

Stiff Clay without Free Water

Static Loading Cyclic Loading

Sand (Reese Criteria)

Static & Cyclic

Coefficients
Pile-Head Conditions: Shear and Moment

Qt

Mt
Pt
Distance to Ground Surface
Layer 1

Layer 2 Pile Length

Layer 3

Note: Origin of Coordinate System for Pile and

Soil Layers is Located at the Pile Head
Pile-Head Conditions: Displacement and Slope

Qt
qt

yt
Distance to Ground Surface
Layer 1

Layer 2 Pile Length

Layer 3

Note: Origin of Coordinate System for Pile and

Soil Layers is Located at the Pile Head
Size Effect

1. For linear elastic portion of the p-y

curves the size effect is not
significant on initial k values.
2. For ultimate soil resistance Pu is a
function of the pile diameter.
3. Most correlation coefficients in
current p-y criteria were derived
based on pile diameter of 2 ft to 4 ft.
 Using service load to check deflection criteria
Using factored load to check bending moment and shear
1. Unit
2. Pile Properties (Bored Pile)
2. Pile Properties (Bored Pile)
2. Pile Properties (Bored Pile)
2. Pile Properties (Bored Pile)
3. Pile Properties (CSP)
3. Pile Properties (CSP)
3. Pile Properties (CSP)
4. Soil Layer
5. Loading Condition