Tutorial 9

Leaching
 Problem 1
Seeds containing 20% by mass of oil
1
are extracted in a counter current
plant and 90% of the oil is 0.9

Solvent
recovered in a solution containing 0.8
overflow
50% by mass of oil. 0.7

If the seeds are extracted with fresh 0.6

xS, yS
solvent and 1 kg of solution is 0.5
removed in the underflow in 0.4
association with every 2 kg of
0.3
insoluble matter, how many ideal
0.2
stages are required?
0.1

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
xA, yA oil

underflow
 Solution
take 1 kg seed basis
oil in feed  0.2 kg; solid in feed  0.8 kg

Oil in leachate  90% of oil in seeds  0.2 * 0.9  0.18 kg

Solvent in leachate  0.18 kg

Solid in underflow  0.8kg

Solution  0.4 kg
oil in underflow  0.1 * 0.2  0.02kg
Solvent in underflow  0.38kg
x N  0.02 / 0.4  0.052

Solvent Out  Solvent In  0.18  0.38  0.54kg

 yN+1
1

0.9
Solvent

0.8

0.7

0.6
y1
xS, yS

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2
xN
0.1

0
0
x
0.2 0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
xA, yA oil
 1

0.9
Solvent

0.8

0.7

0.6
xS, yS

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
∆
xA, yA oil
 Problem 2
• Tung meal containing 55 mass % oil is to be extracted at rate of 3000 kg/hr using
12000 kg/hr of solvent. The solvent contains 98% n-hexane and 2% Tung oil.
• In addition, the Tung meal was so finely divided that some of it goes out
suspended in the overflow solution. This amounts to 0.05 kg of solid per kg of
solution. The underflow must have a concentration of no more than 2 mass % oil.
• The solution adhering to the insoluble meal in the underflow was determined
experimentally as tabulated below.

V1 0.05 kg solid VN+1 (98% hexane solvent, 2% oil

12000kg/h

L0 L N , 2% oil
55% oil
Tung meal 3000 kg/h
Calculate Composition of Amount
• The number of equilibrium stages solution
required
• The percentage recovery of Tung oil Mass fraction oil Kg solution/kg
extracted from meal inert
Hint: locate both underflow and overflow 0.0 2.0
location on the phase diagram.
0.2 2.5

0.4 3.0

0.6 3.5
 • Let A: oil; C: Solid and S: n-hexane
• The xA+xC+xS=1

The overflow

xA Y= xA+xS=1/1+Y yS=xS
[1-(xA+xS)]/(xA+xS) =clm3-clm1
0 0.05 (given) 0.952 0.952
0.1 0.05 0.952 0.852
0.2 0.05 0.952 0.752
0.3 0.05 0.952 0.652
0.4 0.05 0.952 0.552
0.5 0.05 0.952 0.452
0.6 0.05 0.952 0.352
 underflow

xA/xA+xS xA+xS/xC xC/xA+xS xA+xS xA xS

(given)

0 2 0.5 0.667 0 0.667

(1/1.5)
0.1
0.2 2.5 0.4 0.714 0.143 0.571
(1/1.4) (0.2/1.4)
0.3
0.4 3 0.333 0.75 0.3 0.45
(1/1.333) (0.4/1.333)
0.5
0.6 3.5 0.306 0.778 0.467 0.311
(1/1.306) (0.6/1.306)
 1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
y

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

x
Fix the U/F and O/F lines on the graph
L 0  VN 1  15000kg/h, L N  V1  15000
LN 
Find  from the above lines then find the ratio of
VN 1 
Then find V1 to be 12750
12750
V1 contain 0.05 solid, therefore solution in V1   12143kg/h
(1  0.05)
Concentrat ion of solution is found on the hypotenuse for
pure solution  0.148
Therefore mass of oil  0.148 12143  1797 kg/h
Mass of oil in the solvent feed  12000  0.02  240kg/h
Mass of oil extracted  1797 - 240  1557 kg/h
Mass of oil in the feed  0.55  3000  1650
1557
Percent extraction   0.944
1650
 ∆
VN+1
1 V1

LN 0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
y

0.4
0.3 M
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
x
Feed
L0
 ∆
To find No. of stages
1
Join L 0 V1 & L N VN 1 , then find 
0.9
From delta find No of stages to be about 4
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
y

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
x