The

Nervous
System
Create a campaign
advertising video about the
common and effective
contraceptive measures
used in family planning, in
line with the Reproductive
Health Law
What is a
nervous
system?
1. It enables the body
to respond quickly to
changes in the
environment by
accomplishing four
basic functions:
 2.Gathers
information both
from the outside
world and from the
inside of the body,
3.Transmits
information to the
processing areas in the
brain and spinal cord,
•Processes information to
determine the best
response, and
•Sends information to
muscles, glands, and
organs so they can
respond correctly.
 THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM AND
ITS DIVISIONS
TWO MAJOR DIVISIONS OF
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM :

1. CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM – CONSISTS OF
THE BRAIN AND THE
SPINAL CORD.
 THE BRAIN
THE LARGEST AND MOST
COMPLEX PART OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM. THE MOST
SPECIALIZED ORGAN OF THE
BODY.
 FOUR MAJOR
REGIONS OF THE
HUMAN BRAIN

1. CEREBRUM OR FOREBRAIN-
THE LARGEST AND MOST
COMPLEX PART OF THE BRAIN.
LOCATED IN THE UPPER REGION
OF YOUR BRAIN.
THE SURFACE OF YOUR CEREBRUM IS
CALLED CEREBRAL CORTEX. THIS
PROTECTIVE COVERING IS FOLDED INTO
RIDGES AND DEPRESSIONS CALLED
CONVOLUTIONS.

TWO HEMISPHERE COMPRISE YOUR BRAIN

YOUR BRAIN CEREBRUM. THESE TWO
HALVES ARE JOINED TO ANOTHER BY
TOUGH NERVE FIBERS OR AXON.
EACH OF THE HEMISPHERES IN
CEREBRUM IS DIVIDED INTO
FOUR LOBES- FRONTAL,
TEMPORAL,PARIETAL AND
OCCIPITAL
 MAJOR DIVISIONS OF
THE CREBRUM/FOREBRAIN
FOREBRAIN FUNCTIONS IN TASTE
AND SMELL

TEMPORAL LEARNING AND MEMORY

PARIETAL TOUCH AND SENSORY
OCCIPITAL VISION, MOTOR OUTPUT,
SPEECH

FRONTAL PERSONALITY, THOUGHT

,SPEECH
 NOTE:
YOUR INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY
IS DETERMINED BY THE
ABILITY OF THE CEREBRAL
CORTEX
TO REGISTER IMPRESSIONS, THE
ACTIVITY OF THE ASSOCIATION
AREAS, AND THE MEMORY OF
PAST EXPERIENCES.
DO YOU KNOW THAT MOST OF US
ARE RIGHT HANDED?

-IT IS BECAUSE MESSAGES FROM THE LEFT

HEMISPHERE OF YOUR CEREBRUM CROSS
OVER THE NEURONS THAT CONTROL
THE MOVEMENTS ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF
OUR BODY AND VICE VERSA.
LEFT SIDE OF BRAIN-
DEALS WITH
MATHEMATICS AND
LOGIC
 RIGHT SIDE-
RESPONSIBLE FOR
OUR ARTISTIC AND
MUSICAL TALENTS.
 2. THE CEREBELLUM
THE SECOND LARGEST PART
THE BRAIN. IT IS LOCATED
BEHIND THE BRAIN STEM. IT
JOB IS TO COORDINATE THE
ACTIONS OF THE MUSCLES AN
TO MAINTAIN BALANCE.
-BALANCE , EQUILIBRUM, AND
POSTURE ARE MADE
POSSIBLE BY THE
CEREBELLUM
3. BRAIN STEM – CONNECTS
THE SPINAL CORD TO THE
REST OF THE BRAIN.
THREE DISTINCT REGIONS
MAKE UP THE BRAIN STEM:
1.MIDBRAIN
2.PONS
3. Medulla oblongata -
part of the brain
located at the top end
of the spinal cord that
controls breathing and
other involuntary
functions
 TWO OTHER IMPORTANT
STRUCTURES FOUND IN THE
BRAIN STEM:
1. Hypothalamus
Region of the brain containing many
control centers for body functions
and emotions; also regulates the
pituitary gland's secretions.
 2. THALAMUS- SERVES AS A
RELAY STATION BY DIRECTING
INCOMING MESSAGES FROM
THE SPINAL CORD TO THE
APPROPRIATE PARTS OF THE
BRAIN
 SPINAL CORD

A TUBELIKE ORGAN OF
NEURONS AND BLOOD
VESSELS. LOCATED INSIDE
THE BACKBONE OR SPINE,
THE SPINAL CORD IS
ABOUT 1.8 CM WIDE
 - RELAYS NERVE
IMPULSES TO AND
FROM THE BRAIN
 Meninges
Membranes that cover the
brain and spinal cord.

Pons:
Part of the brain connecting the
medulla oblongata with the midbrain.
 2.PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM-
COMPOSED OF ALL
BODY NERVES THAT
LIE OUTSIDE THE
CENTRAL NERVOUS
STYSTEM.
THE LINK BETWEEN THE CNS
TO THE REST OF YOUR BODY
CONSISTS OF CRANIAL,
SPINAL AND PERIPHERAL
NERVES
 THE PNS IS
MADE UP OF
TWO GROUPS
OF MOTOR
NEURONS
1. SOMATIC GROUP
- CONSISTS OF MOTOR
NEURONS THAT
CONNECTS THE CNS TO
THE STRIATED OR
VOLUNTARY MUSCLE
 2.AUTONOMIC
GROUP
-CONNECTS THE CNS TO
THE GALNDS, THE
SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE
VISCERAL ORGAN, AND
THE CARDIAC MUSCLE.
 TWO KINDS OF
AUTONOMIC GROUP
1. SYMPHATHETIC-
BECOMES DOMINANT
IN TIMES OF FEAR
NERVE IMPULSES MAKE
YOUR HEART BEAT
FASTER AND CAUSE
YOUR BLOOD
PRESSURE TO RISE.
2. PARASYMPHATHETIC-
SYSTEM RETURNS YOUR BP
TO NORMAL. DOMINANT
SYSTEM UNDER NORMAL
CONDITIONS.
THE VAGUS NERVE- SERVES
AS THE PRINCIPAL NERVE
OF THIS SYSTEM.
THE NERVE CELLS-
STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTIONS
 NERVE CELLS- ALSO
CALLED NEURONS.
THEY ARE SPECIALIZED
CELLS THAT CONDUCT
IMPULSES TO AND
FROM THE BRAIN.
 PARTS OF A
NEURON
1.DENDRITES- RECEIVE IMPULSES
AND SEND THEM TO THE CELL
BODY.
2.CELL BODY- LIKE A TYPICAL
CELL WHERE THE NUCLEUS AND
ORGANELLES ARE FOUND.
3. AXON- A LONG FIBERLIKE PART
THAT TRANSMITS THE IMPULSES
AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY TO
THE NEXT NEURON.
• - SOMETIMES CALLED
NERVE FIBERS. AXONS OF NERVE
CELLS MAY BE COVERED OR
UNCOVERED. THE FATTY MATERIAL
COVERING AN AXON IS CALLED
MYELIN SHEATH. FACILITAES
TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES.
 MYELINATED-
COVERED AXON
NONMYELINATED-
UNCOVERED AXON
 ACCORDING TO
FUNCTION, THERE ARE
THREE KINDS OF
NEURONS:
1.SENSORY OR AFFERENT-
NEURONS PICK UP
INFORMATION FROM YOUR
BODY PARTS OR THE
ENVIRONMENT.
 •Conduct nerve
impulses toward
the CNS.
 2. MOTOR OR EFFERENT
NEURONS- CARRY MESSAGES
OR IMPULSES FROM YOUR
BRAIN TO YOUR SPINAL
CORD AND TO YOUR BODY
PARTS, CAUSING THEM TO
REACT.
 -CONDUCT IMPULSES
AWAY FROM THE CNS
-EFFECTORS ARE
MUSCLES,ORGANS, AND
GLANDS
3. INTERNEURONS OR
ASSOCIATION
NEURONS, CARRY
INFORMATION
BETWEEN TWO
OTHER NEURONS.
 -CONDUCT IMPULSES
WITHIN THE CNS
-PROCESSING AND
COORDINATING THE
INCOMING AND OUTGOING
IMPULSES OF THE PNS.