WELCOME

TECHNICAL SEMINAR
ON
“SMART MATERIALS”
INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS:

The first reported step towards discovery of shape memory

effect were taken in 1930’s according to Otsuka and Wayman In a silver-
cadmium alloy.
Shape memory polymers have also been developed and become
commercially available in late 1990’s.

INTRODUCTION:
Shape memory alloys or SMA's are metals that exhibit shape
memory properties.
It allows materials possessing shape memory properties to return to
their original shape after having suffered some form of deformation
after they are heated to temperatures above their transformation
temperature.
 What are Smart Materials?
 Senses a stimulus (eyes).
 Takes an intelligent decision (brain).
 Through electronic feedback it takes
corrective/preventive measures to avoid
catastrophic situations (arm).
DEFINITION OF SMART MATERIALS:

Smart materials are materials that have one or more

properties that can be significantly changed in a
controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress,
temperature, moisture, ph, electric or magnetic fields.
 TYPES OF SMART MATERIALS
1. Shape memory alloys
2. Piezoelectric materials
3. Magnetostrictive materials
4. Active fluids
5. Ph and temperature sensitive polymers.
 1) SHAPE MEMORY EFFECTS

TWO TYPES OF COMMON EFFECTS ARE:

1) ONE WAY EFFECT
2) TWO WAY EFFECT

 ONE WAY EFFECT:

When a shape memory alloy is in its
cold state, the metal can be bent or stretched
and will hold those shapes until heated above
transient temperature. Upon heating the shape
changes to its original.
 TWO WAY EFFECT:
A Material That Shows Shape
Memory Effect During Both Heating
And Cooling Is Called “Two Way
Shape Memory” a) INITIAL STATE
b) DEFORMED SHAPE
c) HEATING
d) BACK TO ORIGINAL SHAPE
2) PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS

 Expand and contract with the

application of voltage.
 Piezoceramics are the most
widely used smart material.
 Applications
 Ink Jet Printers.
 Medical Diagnostics.
 High frequency stereo-speakers.
 Computer Keyboards.
 Microphones.
3) MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS

 Expand and contract with the application of

magnetic fields.
 Applications
 High-power sonar transducers.
 Motors.
 Hydraulic actuators.
 4) ACTIVE FLUIDS
 Respond to an electric or a magnetic field with
a change in viscosity.
 Applications
 Tunable dampers.
 Vibration-isolation systems.
 Clutches.
 Brakes.
 Resistance Controls
 5) pH AND TEMPERATURE
SENSITIVE POLYMERS
 pH-sensitive polymers are materials which
swell/collapse when the pH of the
surrounding media changes.
 Temperature-responsive polymers are
materials which undergo changes upon
temperature.
 Used as surface modifiers , drug delivery.
 APPLICATIONS :
 Activate control inceptors using smart material
motion control.
 Remove toxic pollutant from water.
 Advanced liquid crystal display.
 Artificial muscles.
 Hydraulic fitting.
 To determine the defects in buildings and
bridges.
 To find stealth in aeroplanes and submarines.
 ADVANTAGES :
 BIO-COMPATIBILITY
 STRONG , CORROSIVE RESISTANT
 PRODUCES VERY LARGE RECOVERY
STRESSES
 MATERIAL IS DUCTILE
 VERY EFFECTIVE FOR LOW FREQUENCY
VIBRATIONS
 DISADVANTAGES :
o Expensive to manufacture.
o Slow reaction time.
o Non linear thermo-mechanical behavior can
limit the accuracy.
o Low energy efficiency conversion.
 CONCLUSION:
“ Smart materials” are just starting to emerge
from the laboratory but soon you can expect to
find them in everything from laptops to
concrete bridges.
THANK YOU

PRESENTED BY :
ANANTH KR
SHIVARAJ N