ETHICS

OF
RESEARCH
ETHICS

Generally is considered to
deal with beliefs about what is:
right or wrong,
proper or improper, and
good and bad.
 ACTIVITY

Write  if it is ETHICAL

and  if it is UNETHICAL.
 Ethical considerations in
conducting research
 1. Objectivity and integrity
 2. Respect of the research subjects‘ right to
privacy and dignity and protection of
subjects from personal harm
 3. Presentation of research findings
 4. Acknowledgement of research
collaboration and assistance
 Practices in conducting
research
 1. Deceiving a respondent about the true purpose of a study
 2. Asking a respondent questions that cause him or her
extreme embarrassment; guilt emotional turmoil by remaining
him or her of an unpleasant experience
 3. Invading the privacy of a respondent
 4. Studying the respondents or research subjects without their
knowledge
 5. When analyzing the data—revealing only part of the facts,
presenting facts out of context, falsifying findings or offering
misleading presentation such as lying with statistics
 Below are words and phrases that
corresponds to principles on which actions
exhibited while doing research. As a
researcher give situation/s in which you can
apply the ff. research principles or ethics
choose 3 only.

Honesty Objectivity Integrity

Carefulness Openness Confidentiality
Respect for Intellectual Property
Responsible publication Respect for colleagues
Social Responsibility Non-discrimination
Competence Legality
QUANTITATIVE
VS
QUALITATIVE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH is a type of
educational research in which the
researcher
a.relies on the views of participants;
b.asks broad, general questions;
c. collects data consisting largely words
(text) from participants;
d.describes and analyzes these words for
themes; and
e. conducts the inquiry in a subjective,
biased manner.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH is a type
of educational research in which the
researcher
a.decides what to study;
b.asks specific,
c.narrow questions;
d.collects quantifiable data from
participants;
e.analyzes these numbers using statistics;
and
f.conducts the inquiry in an unbiased,
objective manner
 QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

 Quantification
In-depth understanding
of data
Objectives of underlying reasons
 Measurement
and motivations
of incidence, etc.

 Non-statistical
Data  Statistical
 Contextual
Analysis
 Thematic

 Broad based
 Not conclusive nor insights
Outcomes
generalizable  Population
based
Assumptions of Qualitative Assumptions of Quantitative
Researchers
Researchers

The individuals involved in the There exists a reality ―out there,

research situations construct independent of us, waiting to be
reality; thus, realities exist in known. The task of science is to
the form of multiple mental discover the nature of reality and
constructions. how it works.

Research Research investigations can

investigations produce potentially result in accurate
alternative visions of what the statements about the way the
world is like. world really is.

It is impossible for the It is possible for researcher to

researcher to stand apart remove him- or herself—to stand
from the individuals he or she apart—from that which is being
is studying. researched.
ACTIVITIES
 For each scenario listed below, identify whether
it would be best to gather qualitative data,
quantitative data, or a combination of both to answer
the questions being asked.
Scenario 1: You work in an office that has a
water cooler. The water cooler holds twenty
gallons of water. Your boss asks you to figure out
how many refills your office will need every
month, because she’s trying to do the budget.
a. Type of data collecting method you would use?
(qualitative and/or quantitative) Why?
b. Briefly describe how you would collect the data
(what tools would you used, e.g., a ruler, a
questionnaire).
Scenario 2: You’re a new restaurant owner.
Your restaurant has been open for several
weeks, and so far, it looks like your
customers enjoy your restaurant. But you
want more information. You want to get
feedback from your customers on their dining
experience, specifically their opinions on
your food, service, and ambiance.

a.Type of data collecting method you would

use? (qualitative and/or quantitative) Why?
b.Briefly describe how you would collect the
data.