PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

(RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 1)

WHAT TO EXPECT FROM THE SUBJECT OR CLASS?
 WRITTEN ACTIVITIES
THESIS/RESEARCH PANEL DEFENSE
A LOT OF INTERVIEWS
IT WILL NOT BE EASY
SLEEPLESS NIGHTS
HOW TO SURVIVE THESIS/RESEARCH???
WORK AND STUDY HARD!
WHAT IS INQUIRY?
Inquiry
[in-kwahyuhr-ee, in-kwuh-ree]
noun, plural in·quir·ies.
1.a seeking or request for truth, information, or knowledge.
2.an investigation,
3.the act of inquiring or of seeking information by questioning;
interrogation.
Inquiry is a learning process that motivates learners to obtain knowledge or information about
people, things, places, or events. You do this by investigating or asking questions about
something you are inquisitive about.
SIMPLE INQUIRY MODEL
INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING
 INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING
• inquiry-based learning focuses on moving students beyond general curiosity into
the realms of critical thinking and understanding.
• inquiry-based learning focuses on investigating an open question or problem.
They must use evidence-based reasoning and creative problem-solving to reach a
conclusion, which they must defend or present.
• Inquiry based learning is mainly involving the learner and leading him to
understand.
LEVELS OF INQUIRY
CONFIRMATION/VERIFICATION
STRUCTURED INQUIRY
GUIDED INQUIRY
OPEN INQUIRY
 HIGHER-ORDER THINKING
• Higher-order thinking, known as higher order thinking skills or strategies (HOTS),
is a concept of education reform based on learning taxonomies (such as Bloom's
taxonomy). The idea is that some types of learning require more cognitive
processing than others, but also have more generalized benefits.
HOTS VS LOTS
GOVERNING PRINCIPLES OR FOUNDATION OF INQUIRY BASED
LEARNING
 JOHN DEWEY’S THEORY OF CONNECTED EXPERIENCES FOR EXPLORATORY AND
REFLECTIVE THINKING

• In this theory Dewey believed that human beings learn through a 'hands-on'
approach.
• Dewey believed that learning by doing enables students to develop their problem-
solving skills.
 LEV VYGOTSKY’S ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT

• ZPD is defined as the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help and guidance of
others but cannot yet perform independently.

• Learning happens because we interact with our environment. Which means we do not learn
because we have developed, WE DEVELOP BECAUSE WE LEARN.
 JEROME BRUNER’S THEORY ON LEANERS’ VARIED WORLD PERCEPTION

• He states that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas
or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
• Inquiry, as a way of learning, concerns itself with these elements:
• Changing knowledge
• Creativity
• Subjectivity
• Socio-cultural factors
• Sensory experience
• Higher-order thinking strategies

All of these are achievable through the inquiry methods of field work, case studies, investigations,
individual group project, and research work.
 Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learning
• Elevates interpretative thinking through graphic skills.
• Improves student learning abilities
• Widens learners’ vocabulary
• Facilitates problem solving skills
• Increases social awareness and cultural knowledge
• Encourages cooperative learning
• Provides mastery of procedural knowledge
• Encourages higher-order thinking strategies
• Hastens conceptual understanding
NATURE OF RESEARCH
 Research
[ri-surch, ree-surch]
noun
Diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a
subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, applications, etc.
• Research is a scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking.
Starting from particular to more complex ideas (inductive thinking),
from lower-order to higher-order thinking strategies.

• It is a process of executing various mental acts for discovering and

examining facts and information to prove the accuracy or truthfulness
of your claims or conclusions about the topic of your research.
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
(Scientific Method)
Identifying the topic or problem
 Gathering data
 Making theories/Conceptualizing
 Formulating Hypothesis
 Analyzing Data
 Drawing Conclusions
 INQUIRY VS RESEARCH

INQUIRY RESEARCH
Involves investigation or  Involves investigation or
questioning about something questioning about something
 HOTS  LOTS to HOTS
less complex procedural more complex procedural
activities activities
WHAT IS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS?
WE NEED TO LOOK FOR: New ideas
WE NEED TO IMPROVE: Certain processes
WE NEED TO CREATE: Something useful out of the old
WE NEED TO EXLPLAIN: A series of observation
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
 Accuracy
Objectiveness
Timeliness
Relevance
Clarity
Systematic
 ACCURACY
It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries
should honestly and appropriately documented or acknowledged.
 OBJECTIVENESS
It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions, generalizations,
predictions, or conclusions.
 TIMELINESS
It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society
 RELEVANCE
Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of
people in a community.
 CLARITY
It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, concise,
and correct language.
 SYSTEMATIC
It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
• To learn how to work independently
• To learn how to work scientifically or systematically
• To have an in-depth knowledge of something
• To elevate your mental abilities by letting you think in higher-order thinking strategies(HOTS)
of inferring, evaluating, synthesizing, appreciating, applying, and creating.
• To improve your reading and writing skills.
• To be familiar with the basic tools of research and the various techniques of gathering data
and of presenting research findings.
• To free yourself, to a certain extent, from the domination or strong influence of a single
textbookor of the professor’s lone viewpoint or spoon feeding.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
 APPLIED RESEARCH
Applied research is research that seeks to answer a question in the real world and
to solve a problem. Basic research is research that fills in the knowledge we don't
have; it tries to learn things that aren't always directly applicable or useful
immediately.
 BASED ON PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

• Desciptive research - defined as a research method that describes the

characteristics of the population or phenomenon that is being studied. It does
not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. Rather
it addresses the "what" question.
e.g. (Statement of the problem)
-What are the characteristics of Tarlac province population?
• Correlational research – shows relationship or connectedness of two factors,
circumstances, or agents called variables that affect the research. It is only
concerned in indicating the existence of a relationship, not the causes and ways
of the development of such relationship.
e.g. How does internet usage or addiction leads to depression?

• Explanatory research – this type of research elaborates or explains not just the
reasons behind the relationship of two factors, but also the ways by which such
relationship exists.
• Exploratory research –exploratory research is research conducted for a problem
that has not been studied more clearly, intended to establish priorities, develop
operational definitions and improve the final research design.

• Action research – this type of research studies an ongoing practice of a school,

organization, community, or institution for the purpose of obtaining results that
will bring improvements in the system.
e.g.
-The Effect of the Teacher's Teaching Style on Students'
TWO GENERAL TYPES OF DATA
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
DATA
 QUALITATIVE
• Deals with descriptions
• Data can be observed but not measured
• Color, textures, smells, tastes,
appearance, beauty etc.
• verbal language is the right way to
express your findings.
• Qualitative ---quality
QUANTITATIVE
• Deals with numbers
• Data which can be measured
• Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed,
time, temperature, humidity, sound level, cost,
members, ages, etc.
• It presents research findings referring to the
number or frequency of something in numerical
forms.
APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
SCIENTIFIC OR POSITIVE APPROACH
NATURALISTIC APPROACH
TRIANGULATION APPROACH
 SCIENTIFIC OR POSITIVE APPROACH

You discover and measure information as well as observe and control variables in an
impersonal manner. Therefore, the data gathering techniques appropriate for this approach
are structured interviews, questionnaires, and observational checklists. Data given by these
techniques are expressed through numbers, which means that this method is suitable for
quantitative research.
 NATURALISTIC APPROACH

The naturalistic approach uses words. This research approach directs you to deal with
qualitative data that speak of how people behave toward their surroundings. These are non-
numerical data that express truths about the way people perceive or understand the world.
 TRIANGULATION APPROACH

This approach is the combination of the first two approach. In this case, you are free to gather
and analyze data using multiple methods, allowing you to combine or mix up research
approaches, research types, data gathering, and data analysis techniques. Triangulation
approach gives you the opportunity to view every angle of the research.