EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

GEOGRAPHY

 Egypt is located in the middle of the Sahara Desert. There are no

mountains in Egypt just sand dunes.
 The sand dunes make huge sand hills in the desert making it hard
to travel.
 The sand dunes are created by wind blowing the sand around.
There are two parts of Ancient Egypt. Lower Egypt and Upper
Egypt.
 Lower (northern) Egypt consisted of the Nile River’s delta made
by the river as it empties into the Mediterranean.
 Upper (southern) Egypt was the long, narrow strip of ancient
Egypt located south of the Delta.
 Most of Egypt is made of sand and some rock.
 The geographic size is 387,000 square miles.
DETAIL MAP
Old Kingdom 2686 - 2181 BC
Middle Kingdom 1991 - 1786 BC
New Kingdom 1567 - 1085 BC
EGYPTIAN TIME LINE
OF
ACTIVITIES
GOVERNMENT & POLITICAL HISTORY
 PLANNING OF AKHETATEN
• Whole space inside the walls was occupied by houses.

• The parallel streets were about two metres wide

• Workers' settlement was walled in.

• The temples, the palace and the royal residences, the barracks, the offices of the administration, etc
were not surrounded by any wall

AKHETATEN
 BUHEN PLANNING

 By their very nature military settlements are more organized

than civilian towns which have grown organically from villages.
 Buhen, a walled frontier town in Lower Nubia was built during
the joint reign of Amenemhet I and his son Senusret I.
 It was probably erected at the site of an existing trading post
and its purpose was to house the troops who controlled the
traffic from Nubia into Egypt.
 The ramparts surrounding it may have been built before the
fortress at the centre was constructed. The planned town
covered an area of 6.3 ha, including the fort and was
surrounded on three sides by a 712 metre long, 4 metre thick
brick wall with thirty-two round bastions.
 Only a single gate opening towards the western desert has been
BUHEN found.
 The eastern side by the Nile was not fortified. It may have held
1500 to 2000 inhabitants.
 The town was expanded under Senusret III and further fortified.
 TOMBS & TEMPLES

• The temples of Ancient Egypt remain as a constant reminder of

the power and glory of the Egyptian state and it's Gods.
• The major gods had their own cult center with a temple
complex as well as the 'state' temples at Luxor and Karnak.
• In addition the Pharaohs also built mortuary temples where
their bodies were prepared for their eternal rest. Several of
these survive at Luxor.
• The surviving tombs provide a treasure trove of both objects
and Information.
• The paintings and models included with the burials give a
glimpse of the everyday life of the ordinary people and the texts
provide invaluable information which helps to build up family
trees and to establish the chronology.